使社区运转起来:重塑后疫情时代的基层治理

Making Communities Work:Reshaping the Grass-roots Governance in a Post-Epidemic Era

社区管理兼具行政性与自治性的双重面相,此种“选择性行政化”功能特性,推动社区工作者在新冠疫情防控中,屹立卡口,守护居民健康,出色地履行了第一道“防波堤”职责,对于疫情控制发挥了至为关键的作用。但社区毕竟未正式纳入行政层级,可以凭赖的行政权能与人财物资源实属有限;税费改革以来,科层机制不断下行以致社区自治性式微,也使得社区管理较缺乏来自居民的信任与支持,这些情况进而又造成社区管理防控新冠疫情时尽显困窘。为此,后疫情时代应积极谋划和推进以社区为本位的基层治理重塑,实现社区管理行政性与自治性的自洽性平衡:一方面,纵向上进一步下沉行政资源,构造行政-自治互益型政社关系;另一方面,横向上多维度激活社区资源,提升社区自为型自治能力与管理绩效。通过这两方面的努力,增进社区常态时期回应和服务居民的能力、非常态时期应急管理与疫情防控的能力,打造“韧性社区”。

Community management is both administrative and autonomous.This"selective administrative"feature promotes community workers to stand at checkpoints and protect the health of residents in the prevention and control of COVID-19,performing the role of the first"breakwater"and playing a crucial role in the control of the epidemic.However,the community has not been formally incorporated into the administrative hierarchy,so it has limited administrative power and human,financial and financial resources to rely on.Since the reform of taxes and fees,the continuous decline of the hierarchical mechanism has weakened the autonomy of the community,which also makes the community management lack of trust and support from the residents.These situations further cause great embarrassment in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the community management.Therefore,in the post-epidemic era,community-based governance should be actively planned and promoted to achieve a self-consistent balance between community administration and autonomy.On the one hand,the administrative resources should be further sunk vertically to construct the administration-autonomy mutually beneficial political and social relations.On the other hand,the community resources can be activated in a horizontal and multi-dimensional way to improve the self-governing ability and management performance of the community.Through these two efforts,the community can improve its ability to respond and serve residents in normal times,and its ability to manage emergencies and prevent and control epidemics in special times,so as to build a"resilient community".