铁基磁性纳米载体在肿瘤治疗中的应用

Application of iron-based magnetic nanocarriers in tumor therapy

纳米载药在肿瘤治疗中所取得的进展推动了纳米材料在生物医学方向的发展,其中,铁基磁性纳米材料因其良好的磁学、优异的生物兼容性以及表面易于功能化修饰等优势,作为纳米载体在肿瘤治疗中得到了广泛关注和快速发展。虽然目前对Fe_(3)O_(4)磁性纳米载体有了系统性的了解,但对作为纳米载体的铁基磁性纳米粒子的全面、系统认识仍有待加强。随着肿瘤纳米递药系统设计的快速发展,亟需对铁基磁性纳米载体的制备过程和作用机理进行系统性的梳理。此外,铁死亡作为一种新型细胞死亡方式,其在肿瘤等慢性疾病的发生发展过程中的作用正逐步被重视,而铁基磁性纳米粒子在肿瘤治疗应用中对铁死亡产生怎样的影响,仍有待阐明。本综述系统介绍了铁基磁性纳米载药平台的发展、种类和制备方法,并详细总结了铁基磁性纳米粒子在肿瘤诊疗一体化中的应用,包括磁场辅助靶向、磁共振成像、磁热治疗等方面,同时对其参与Fenton反应引发铁死亡的相关机理进行了阐述。

Nano-drug delivery for tumor therapy has promoted the development of nanomaterials in the realm of biomedicine.Among them,iron-based magnetic nanomaterials have the advantages of good magnetism,excellent biocompatibility,and easy functional modification of the surface.As a nanocarrier,iron-based magnetic nanomaterials have received extensive attention and achieved rapid development in tumor therapy.Although there is a systematic understanding of Fe_(3)O_(4) magnetic nanocarriers,the comprehensive and systematic understanding of iron-based magnetic nanoparticles carriers still needs to be strengthened.With the rapid development of tumor nano-drug delivery system design,it is urgent to systematically review the preparation process and mechanism of iron-based magnetic nanocarriers.In addition,ferroptosis,as a new type of cell death,receives much more attention in the role of occurrence and development of tumors and other chronic diseases,and the effect of iron-based magnetic nanoparticles on ferroptosis in tumor treatment applications remains to be elucidated.This review systematically introduces the development,types and preparation methods of iron-based magnetic nanometer drug-loading platforms,and detailedly summarizes the application of iron-based magnetic nanoparticles in the integration of tumor diagnosis and treatment,including magnetic field-assisted targeting,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetocaloric therapy,and the mechanism of ferroptosis caused by the Fenton reaction is also iilustrated.