乱局中的变与不变: 20世纪20年代国立北京大学教育学系的史实考论

Continuity and Alteration in Chaos:Department of Education of Peking University in the 1920s

北京大学教育学系的酝酿与设立,一方面与借鉴德国注重教育之哲学研究的经验有关,另一方面也受大学培养中等教育师资的现实驱动。20世纪20年代,北京高等教育格局随政局经历了数次变动。在乱局中,北京大学教育学系的三任教授会主任皆因时局去职,师资、课程亦随政局频繁变动。但教育学系的课程变动中有稳定因素,即一直注重哲学相关课程。以陈大齐为代表的哲学系教授,注重培养教育学系学生的学识根底。北京大学复校后,陈大齐、戴夏主持教育学系,教员聘请和课程开设具有明显的德国倾向。但有德国留学背景的教授遭到学生的抵制。随着北平高等教育及北京大学经费和人才的衰败,北京大学教育学系也尽显颓相。

The brewing and establishment of the Department of Education of Peking University was connected with both German tradition of philosophical study of education and the realistic need for training secondary education teachers.The structure of higher education in Beijing had undergone several changes under the political situation in 1920s.Three deans of Department of Education of Peking University were dismissed because of the political situation.The faculties and courses also changed frequently under the political situation.However,the courses of philosophy as core curriculum in the Department of Education was a stable factor.The professors of philosophy,represented by CHEN Daqi,focused on developing the theoretical base of students.After the resumption of Peking University,CHEN Daqi and DAI Xia took over leadership of Department of Education.The faculty recruitment and curriculum development in this department hence had a clear German characteristic.But the professors with German educational background were resisted by students.Department of Education went backward with the decrease of funding and talents in Peking University.