新世纪以来的新移民小说发展刍议

On the New Immigrant Novels since the New Century

新移民文学从诞生之日就具有跨域特质。新移民作家通过作品的发表、出版、评奖和影视改编等一系列的文学活动,事实上建构起了一个跨国社会场域。新世纪以来,随着大量华人移民在生存状态上成为"跨国华人",使得这一特质愈益显著。无论是作家本身的跨国环流状态,还是从"双重边缘"到"全面内转"的文学生产,以及作品中的大量跨国华人形象的出现,都昭示着新移民文学创作上的新变。就小说而言,这突出表现在回归主题的嬗变、故乡叙事和历史叙事的嬗变,以及底层书写、生态书写、创伤书写和中产阶级话语的书写等主题的嬗变。新移民作家的创作既有群体的趋同性,又有内部的差异性,使得新移民文学的面貌极为复杂,而且仍处在变化发展过程之中,具有多种的生长可能,因此,对新移民文学的研究是一个需要持续追踪和思考的课题。

New immigrant literature was born with cross-domain characteristics. In fact, new immigrant writers have constructed a transnational social field through a series of literary activities such as issuing, publishing, awarding, and film-adapting their works. Since the beginning of the new century, as a large number of Chinese immigrants have become "transnational Chinese", the cross-domain characteristics of new immigrant literature have become more and more remarkable. Whether it is the transnational circulation of the writers themselves, or the literary production from "double marginalization" to "comprehensive inward rotation", or the appearance of a large number of transnational Chinese images in the works, they all indicate new changes in the new immigrants literary creation. As far as the novels are concerned, they are prominently manifested in the evolution of the theme of return, the evolution of the hometown narrative and historical narrative, and the evolution of themes such as lower-class writing, ecological writing, trauma writing, and middle-class discourse writing. Of course, since the creation of new immigrant writers has both group convergence and internal differences, the appearance of new immigrant literature is extremely complicated, and it is still in the process of change and development, with multiple growth possibilities. Therefore, the study on new immigrant literature is a subject that needs continuous pursuit and thinking.