我国古代国家专卖制度对国有企业改革的启示

Enlightenment of China’s Ancient State Monopoly System to the Reform of State-Owned Enterprises

国有企业在我国拥有着无可替代的地位,肩负着重要的社会经济责任和历史使命。特别是在2020年,面对新型冠状病毒疫情,国有企业和国有部门更加成为抗击疫情的中流砥柱。"官营""民营"之争几乎覆盖了整个中国历史的发展进程,古代的"官营"形式近似于我国当前的国有经营模式。因此,从历史演进的视角出发,分析了我国古代专卖制度的起源和发展历程,同时阐述了我国古代国家实行专卖制度的目的、专卖制度的主要作用及其历史局限性。在对历史进行回顾的基础上,着重研究了古代专卖制度对当前国有企业改革的启示,挖掘二者的特性和共性,指出目前国有企业存在的必然性,以及对其弊端加以改革的紧迫性。最后,提出了当前国有企业改革的可行性方案。

China’s state-owned enterprises occupy an irreplaceable position in China and bear important social and economic responsibilities and historical missions. Especially in 2020, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, state-owned enterprises and state-owned departments have become the mainstay of fighting the pandemic. But at the same time, the dispute between the "government-run" and the "private-run" has almost covered the whole development process of Chinese history, and the ancient form of the "government-run" is similar to the current state-owned management mode in China. Therefore, from the perspective of historical evolution, this paper first analyzes the origin and development of the monopoly system in ancient China, and at the same time expounds the aim, main functions and historical limitations of the monopoly system in ancient China. Then, on the basis of reviewing the history, it focuses on the enlightenment of the ancient monopoly system to the current reform of state-owned enterprises, explores their characteristics and general character, and points out that at present, state-owned enterprises have the inevitability of their existence, and their shortcomings should be improved urgently. Finally, it puts forward a feasible plan for the current reform of state-owned enterprises.