基于GIS的城镇、农业、生态空间分区与国土开发风险识别——以陕西省南泥湾景区为例

Research on Spatial Partition of Ecological-urban-agricultural Land and Risk Analysis of Land Development:A Case Study of Nanniwan Area in Shaanxi Province

国土空间开发适宜性评价及分区是国土空间规划的基础。针对传统国土空间开发适宜性评价方法缺少空间数据、无法充分体现空间的差异性特征等问题,将“双评价”作为基础工作,充分利用遥感监测成果、基础性地理国情监测成果和GIS空间分析技术,开展陕西省南泥湾景区生态保护重要性、农业生产、城镇建设适宜性的集成评价,并采用“三维魔方”模型将其划分为生态、农业、城镇三类空间。最终通过与土地利用现状矢量数据叠加,揭示南泥湾景区的发展潜力及风险空间。结果表明:①南泥湾景区以生态保护空间为主,面积为1270.87 km2;其次为农业生产空间,面积为68.28 km2;城镇建设空间最少,面积为14.69 km2;。②南泥湾景区城镇建设开发、农业生产潜力空间分别为9.42,53.55 km2,临镇镇东南部有较大的农业拓展开发空间。③南泥湾景区城镇建设对生态破坏可能性较低。农业生产风险空间较大,为92.79 km2,多位于临镇镇东北部。该区域生态敏感性较强,未来建议提高耕地种植效率,恢复生态空间建设。

The spatial planning of national land is the fundamental basis of development,protection and construction.In view of the lack of spatial data in traditional land spatial development suitability evaluation methods and the inability to fully reflect the spatial differences,the remote sensing monitoring results,basic geographic and national conditions monitoring results and GIS spatial analysis technology are fully utilized,and then carries out integrated evaluation of the importance of ecological protection,agricultural production and suitability of urban construction based on GIS spatial analysis technology,and divides into three types of space named ecological,agricultural and urban by applying the“three-dimensional magic cube”model.Finally,by superimposing vector data of land usage map to revealing the development potential and risk space of Nanniwan.The result shows that:(1)Ecological space occupies the main space in Nanniwan,with area of 1270.87 km2,and the next are agricultural space and urban space with area of 68.28 and 14.69 km2.(2)The potential space of urban construction is 9.42 km2,agricultural production area is 53.55 km2,there is a strong space for agricultural development in the southeast of Linzhen Town.(3)The possibility of ecological has little damage in Nanniwan.However,the risk space of agricultural problem which mostly located in Linzhen Town is 92.79 km2,it has high susceptibility in ecological area.In the future,it should better to revitalize the stock and improve the efficiency of cultivated land cultivation.