“十三五”期间我国粮食作物植保贡献率研究报告

Study on the contribution of plant protection to main crops in China during the 13 Five-Year Plan period

近年来,我国已连续多年控制了重大病虫的暴发为害,为保障国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给作出了重要贡献。为科学评估植物保护工作对农业生产的贡献,基于全国植物保护统计资料数据,对"十三五"期间我国粮食作物植保贡献率进行了测算。2016—2020年,全国农作物病虫草鼠害防治面积4.997亿~5.393亿hm2次,年均挽回粮食损失8 728.08万t,占全国粮食总产的13.17%,据此判断植物保护工作对"十三五"期间我国粮食作物生产的平均贡献率为13.17%。其中,水稻、小麦、玉米三大粮食作物病虫草害防治的植保贡献率分别为16.42%、15.53%和8.56%。结合田间病虫为害损失研究结果,分析认为当前植保贡献率存在被低估的问题。建议各地开展科学的试验和调查,以明确不同地区、不同发生程度病虫害造成的损失以及挽回损失和植保贡献情况。同时,要全面掌握当地病虫害的发生与防控情况,建立科学的植保贡献率评价方法。

The outbreak of major pests and diseases has b een curbed for consecutive years, which has made a great contribution to ensure national food security and the effective supply of important agricultural products. By analyzing the national plant protection statistics, we calculated the impact of plant protection practices on agricultural production during the 13 thFive-Year Plan period to evaluate the contribution rate of plant protection. From 2016 to 2020, the crop pest(including weeds and rodents) control area was 499.7~539.3 million hectares per year, reducing the average annual crop losses by 87.280 million tons, corresponding to 13.17% of the national total grain output. Thus, the contribution rate of plant protection to main crops in China during the 13 thFive-Year Plan period could be approximated to about 13.17%.The contribution rates of plant protection to rice, wheat, and corn were 16.42%, 15.53%, and 8.56%, respectively. Based on the research results of damage evaluation on crop pests in the field, it could be concluded that the contribution rates of plant protection to crops might be underestimated. To evaluate the contribution rate of plant protection more accurately,scientific experiments and investigations should be carried out in different regions, to determine the losses caused by diseases and pests that occurred in different levels as well as the losses reduced through pest control. At the same time, it was necessary to fully understand the occurrence and control of local pests and diseases, and establish a scientific evaluation method for the calculation of plant protection contribution rate.