广州市市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results of Listeria monocytogenes in foods sold in Guangzhou

目的分析广州市市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌污染分布情况。方法 2013—2019年共采集16类共4905份食品样品,开展单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌监测分析。按照GB4789.30—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验》中规定的食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的检验方法开展检测。结果单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出阳性样品共71份,总体检出率为1.45%。不同食品类别中进口生畜禽肉检出率最高,达到了13.19%,其次为国产生鸡肉(5.51%)、水产肉糜(2.50%)、凉拌菜(1.67%)。第1季度检出率最高,为2.14%,最低的是第4季度(0.82%)。不同采样场所中采自网店的食品单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出率最高(26.04%),其次为超市(2.38%),小摊贩所售商品无检出。预包装食品单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出率(5.78%)高于散装食品(0.86%)。结论广州市市售食品存在不同程度的单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌污染,生畜禽肉是主要污染食品,相关政府部门应更有针对性加强监管,预防单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌食源性疾病的发生。

Objective To analyze the distribution of Listeria monocytogenes in foods sold in Guangzhou. Methods A total of 4905 food samples from 16 categories were collected from 2013 to 2019, and Listeria monocytogenes was monitored and analyzed. According to GB 4789.30—2016 National food safety standard-Food microbiological test for Listeria monocytogenes, the detection method of Listeria monocytogenes in food was carried out. Results A total of 71 positive samples of Listeria monocytogenes were detected, and the total detection rate was 1.45%. In different food categories, the detection rate of imported livestock and poultry meat was the highest, reaching 13.19%, followed by domestic raw chicken(5.51%), aquatic minced meat(2.50%) and cold vegetables(1.67%). The highest detection rate was 2.14% in the first quarter, and the lowest was 0.82% in the fourth quarter. The detection rate of Listeria monocytogenes was the highest in online stores(26.04%), followed by supermarkets(2.38%), and there was no detection of goods sold by street vendors. The detection rate of Listeria monocytogenes in prepackaged food(5.78%) was higher than that in bulk food(0.86%). Conclusion There are different degrees of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in the food sold in Guangzhou, and the raw food is easy to be contaminated. The government should strengthen supervision targetedly to prevent the food-borne diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes.