当前韩国职业教育与培训存在的问题和改革的新趋势

Current Problems and New Trends of Reform in Vocational Education and Training in South Korea

韩国政府为了吸引学生到职业学校学习,先后进行了一系列职业教育改革来推动职业教育和培训的发展,包括发布振兴职业高中的政策,采用循序渐进策略发展迈斯特高中,制定“先就业,再上大学”制度以及“产学合作”的高职教育制度。韩国政府高度重视职业教育的发展,一直努力提高职业院校毕业生的就业率,但是韩国职业教育还是存在一些问题。例如,韩国年轻人就业率低,技能不匹配;人力资源开发管理以学校、机构和政府等职业教育与培训提供者为中心;公司缺乏对“先就业,再上大学”制度的支持。当前韩国职业教育改革的新趋势包括制定国家职业能力标准、设置工作学习双重系统、建立当地和行业定制的人力资源开发系统。

In order to attract students to study in vocational schools,the South Korean government has successively carried out a series of vocational education reforms to promote the development of vocational education and training,including the policy of revitalizing vocational high schools,a step⁃by⁃step strategy for developing Meister high schools,the system of"employment first,college later",and the higher vocational education system of"industry⁃university cooperation".The South Korean government attaches great importance to the development of vocational education and has been working hard to increase the employment rate of higher vocational college graduates.But there are also some problems in South Korean vocational education.For example,the employment rate of young Koreans is low,and their skills are not matched;human resource development and management are centered on vocational education and training providers such as schools,institutions,and governments;companies provide insufficient support for the"employment first,then university"system.The current new trends in the reform of South Korean vocational education include the formulation of the National Competence Standards(NCS),the establishment of a dual system of work and learning,and the establishment of local and industry⁃specific human resource development systems.