改革开放以来我国职业教育扶贫政策的反思与建议

Reflections and Suggestions on China's Vocational Education Policies for Poverty Alleviation Since the Reform and Opening⁃up

改革开放以后,我国职业教育扶贫政策经历了政策试探、政策试验与政策转型三个阶段。在这期间,职业教育的减贫扶贫功能不断得到凸显与实现,政策的惠及面与精准性得到了明晰和保障,同时政策体系得到了持续改进和完善。但是,由于经济思维统摄政策理念,教育思维与整合性思维严重不足;政策保障过度依赖行政力量,法制化建设存在明显不足;政策效能评估的定性取向明显,需要加强政策效能评估的科学性。因此政策思维要从单一思维向综合思维转向,以增强政策的弹性和韧性;需要在实施过程中持续优化政策内容与工具,以增强政策改革红利的释放空间;需要通过建章立法,构建职业教育扶贫的监督约束机制,以增强政策保障;需要立足客观成效与主观感受,构建多元参与的政策评价体系。

After the reform and opening up,China's policy on vocational education for poverty alleviation has gone through three stages:policy trial,policy experiment and policy transformation.During this period,the poverty alleviation function of vocational education has been highlighted and realized,the reach and precision of the policy has been clarified and guaranteed,while the policy system has been continuously improved and perfected.However,economic thinking dominates the policy philosophy,resulting in a serious lack of educational and integrative thinking;policy protection is overly dependent on administrative power,there is a clear lack of legalization,and the qualitative orientation of policy effectiveness assessment is obvious,and the scientific nature of policy effectiveness assessment needs to be strengthened.Policy thinking therefore needs to shift from a single mindset to an integrated one in order to enhance policy resilience and flexibility.There is a need to continuously optimize policy content and tools in the implementation process to enhance the scope for releasing policy reform dividends;there is a need to build a monitoring and restraining mechanism for vocational education to alleviate poverty through the establishment of regulations and legislation to enhance policy protection;there is a need to build a policy evaluation system based on objective effectiveness and subjective feelings,and to build a multi⁃participation policy evaluation system.