时间具有怎样的先验地位?——对马里翁现象学的时间理论的研究

What Kind of Transcendental Position Does Time Have?--Study of Time Theory of the Marion’s Phenomenology

时间在马里翁的现象学中不是作为一切给予本身显现出来的先验视域.然而,马里翁也承认时间是事件显现的条件.如果是这样,这个条件是否有一种隐藏的先验地位呢?本文将从马里翁对时间的四种显现方式出发来分析其哲学中时间的特殊先验地位.第一种方式是时间在事件和源初印象中显现.第二种方式是时间在肉身的受动变化中显现.第三种方式是对象的显现过程(构建过程)中显现.这三种方式中时间都已经作为一种条件而被预设.但是时间本身却奠基于呼唤与回应之间的延迟这一最基本的因循样式.结论是,一方面,时间仍然有先验地位,“让”所有的显现得以可能;但另一方面,显现的时间不具备一种“视域”的功能,在它之中的现象仍然是被给予物的显现,而不是被给予物自身.更为重要的是,源初的就是呼唤和回忆的差异.所以源初的时间和源初时间的先验地位不是绝对的,而是一种后在的先验.难以被称为完全的先验要素和先验视域.

Time is not the transcendental horizon for being given in Marion’s phenomenology.However,he still recognize that time is the condition for appearing of events.Then,does this condition have a hidden transcendental position?This article will analyze the specially transcendental position of time in Marion’s philosophy,through explain the four kinds of ways of appearing of time.The first way is that time appearing in the event and original impression.The second way is that time appearing in the passive change of the flesh.The third way is that time appearing in the process of constructing of objects.In these three ways,time is always presupposed as the condition.But time is founded on the delay between the L’appel and response,which is the basic mode of temporization.On the one hand,the conclusion is that time still has a transcendental position.However,on the other hand,the appearing of time has no the function of“horizon”,and the the phenomena which appearing in the time is the appearing of being given,which is not the being given itself.More importantly,the original time is the difference of the L'appel and the response.Consequently,the transcendental position of time is not absolute,but the posteriori,which cannot be called the completely transcendental element and horizon.