无人机防相撞系统信息感知技术研究

Research on Information Perception Technology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Collision-avoidance System

无人机防相撞系统一般采用感知-避让防相撞策略,防相撞信息感知是实现防相撞功能的基础。根据常用无人机防相撞信息感知的主要技术模式,首先对可见光谱成像、红外成像、高光谱成像等光电技术,以及普通雷达、激光雷达等无线电技术进行了详细的梳理研究,并分析各种感知技术的优缺点。根据防相撞信息感知类型,研究分析基于光电视觉感知、交通警报和避撞系统、广播式自动相关监视、分布式处理系统等四类防相撞系统模式。最后结合无人机防相撞系统和信息感知技术研究现状,综合分析其技术发展趋势,为无人机防相撞系统和相关感知传感器的设计提供研究思路和发展方向,为无人机安全可靠的遂行任务、尤其是在飞行器数量繁多的空域遂行任务提供一定的研究参考。

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)collision-avoidance system generally adopts strategy of perception-avoidance,and the collision avoidance information perception is the foundation of realizing collision-avoidance function.According to the main technical modes of collision avoidance information perception of commonly used UAV,the visible spectrum imaging,infrared imaging,hyperspectral imaging and other optoelectronic technologies,as well as ordinary radar,lidar and other radio technologies,are studied in detail,the advantages and disadvantages of various sensing technologies are analyzed.Depending on the type of collision avoidance information perception,three kinds of collision-avoidance system are studied,which based on photoelectric visual perception,traffic alert and collision-avoidance system and broadcast automatic related surveillance.Finally,combining the status of UAV collision-avoidance system and information perception technology,the development trend of the technology is comprehensively analyzed,which provides research ideas and development direction for the design of UAV collision-avoidance system and related sensing sensors.It provides a certain research direction for the safety and reliability of UAV to carry out the mission,especially in the airspace with a large number of aircrafts.