职务犯罪中录音录像功能之重新定位——以“两法”有效衔接为视角

On Repositioning of Recording and Video Function in Duty Crime:From the Perspective of Effective Cohesion Between the Two Approaches

职务犯罪中录音录像制度具有规范调查行为、证明调查行为合法性及防止冤假错案多重价值,但《中华人民共和国监察法》对录音录像制度的规定限制了其功能发挥。“留存备查”及将检察机关调取监察录音录像理由限于证据合法性的规定不利于发挥录音录像之事实证明功能;同进立法并未明确被追诉人是否享有申请调取权及监察机关拒绝调取的程序制裁后果,导致非法证据排除规则难以有效落实。因此首先应肯定职务犯罪中录音录像制度具备的多重功能:以规范调查活动、保障被追诉者供述自愿性为主,以事实证明为辅。在此基础上,完善司法机关调取监察录音录像制度,构建录音录像资料差异化移送制度。此外应赋予被追诉人申请调取录音录像之权利,完善被追诉人申请救济之方式,保障非法证据排除规则的有效实施,以实现“两法”有效衔接之目的。

The system of sound recording and video recording has the value of standardizing investigation behavior,avoiding the occurrence of extortion of confession by torture,proving the legitimacy of investigation and preventing unjust,false and wrong cases.However,the provisions of the Supervision Law on the transfer and retrieval of sound recordings and video recordings limit their functions,while the provisions of“keeping for future reference”and the reasons for procuratorial organs to retrieve sound recordings and video recordings are limited to the legality of evidence and other provisions that are not conducive to the performance of the function of fact proof of sound recordings and video recordings.The legislation does not specify the legal consequences of the supervisory organ’s refusal to transfer and whether the person prosecuted has the right to apply for transfer,which makes it difficult to effectively implement the rule of excluding illegal evidence.Therefore,it should be affirmed that the recording and video recording system has multiple functions in duty crime:the main function is to guarantee the voluntary nature of confession,and the auxiliary function is to be proved by facts.On this basis,the system of monitoring evidence retrieval is improved,the right of the accused to apply for recording and video retrieval is granted,and relevant legal consequences of sanctions are clarified to ensure the effective implementation of the exclusion rules of illegal evidence.At the same time,the system of differentiated transfer of audio and video data is established to ensure the quality of case investigation so as to realize the effective connection between the two laws.