论形而上学欲望对传统欲望的超越——基于列维纳斯《总体与无限》

On the Transcendence of Metaphysical Desire over Traditional Desire

西方哲学传统中的欲望是对于自我需求的满足,因而是内在性的。法国哲学家列维纳斯提出的“形而上学的欲望”是对传统西方哲学内在性的抵抗,从而实现欲望的外在性以满足绝对他者。从传统西方哲学欲望概念入手概括思想史上欲望的内在性特征,继而分析列维纳斯的形而上学欲望的外在性特点,最终以爱欲为形而上学欲望典型而实现对于传统欲望内在性的超越,以满足绝对他者。

The concept of desire in the tradition of western philosophy since ancient Greece is numerous and complex,and its essence is still intrinsic,more natural survival in the sense of self inner satisfaction.The contemporary french philosopher Levinas proposed that“metaphysical desire”is based on resistance to the inner nature of traditional western philosophy,thus realizing that desire is external to satisfy the absolute others.It is a kind of transcendental significance to the innovation and breakthrough of the traditional western philosophical desire concept.This article aims to begin with the traditional western philosophical desire concept to summarize the inner characteristics of desire in the history of thought,and then to analyze the outside of the metaphysical desire of Levinas,finally to realize the intrinsic transcendence of traditional desires with the love desire as the typical metaphysical desire so as to satisfy the absolute other.