古汉语“临”字的释义研究兼释《周易·临卦》各爻

Research on the Meaning of“Lin”in Ancient Chinese Characters:By Explaining the Lines of“Lin Gua”in The Book of Changes

文中采用概括核心义以研究多义词的方法得出“临”字的核心义是“监控”,引申义为“镇守”“俯视”“主持”“面临”“高大”“不通行”等。“临”之管控有七种方式,与“临卦”的六个爻相对应,进而明确了“临卦”讲的是管理之道,而不是所谓“来临”和“下雨”。文中也指出了传统上的解释错误,如《左传》“临祭祀”中的“临”指“主持”而不只是“参加”,否定了“临”有“参加”“来临”等义。

Using the method of generalizing the core meaning to study polysemous words,it can be concluded that the core meaning of the word“Lin”is“monitoring”,and the extended meaning is“guarding”,“overlooking”,“hosting”,“facing”,“tall”,“impassable”and so on.There are seven ways to control“Lin Gua”,which correspond to the six lines of“Lin Gua”,which makes it clear that“Lin Gua”talks about management,not the so-called“coming”and“raining”.Traditionally,there are also interpretation errors.For example,“Lin”in“Lin Sacrifice”in Zuo Zhuan refers to“presiding”rather than just“participating”,denying“Lin”has the meaning of“participating”and“coming”.