《闲情偶寄》之“尖新”析义——以《风筝误》为例

An Analysis of the Meaning of“Jian Xin”in Xianqing Ouji:Taking The Kite Error as an Example

“尖新”二字,历来在文学上褒贬不一,而李渔在《闲情偶寄》中所论的“尖新”与“纤巧”之义等同,区别于一般文学理论概念,具有新奇巧妙、生动不陈腐等意蕴,趣味十足,令人眉扬目展。以《风筝误》为例,“尖新”主要具有关目之新巧,叙事结构之精密,喜剧语言之机趣畅达,人物形象之鲜明可感四个方面的含义。李渔所推崇之“尖新”“纤巧”立足于戏曲文本创作与舞台演出两个形态,同时与《闲情偶寄》其他创作细则如“脱窠臼”“戒荒唐”“贵浅显”“重机趣”“语求肖似”等要求有着紧密联系,具有自身独特丰富的内涵。

The word“Jian Xin”has always been praised and criticized differently in literature,but the meaning of“Jian Xin”and“Xian Qiao”discussed by Li Yu in Xianqing Ouji is quite similar,which is different from the general concept of literature theory in the sense of being novelty,cleverness,vivid,not hackneyed,full of interest and making people raise their eyebrows.Taking The Kite Error as an example,“Jian Xin”mainly has four meanings,namely,the new cleverness of the eyes,the precision of the narrative structure,the smooth and pleasant comedy language,and the distinct and perceptive characters.Based on the two forms of opera text creation and stage performance,the“sharp and new”and“delicate and delicate”advocated by Li Yu are closely related to the other rules of creation of the drama,such as“breaking away from the rut”,“avoiding absurdity”,“expensive and simple”,“heavy fun”,“seeking similarity in language”and so on,especially with their own unique and rich connotation.