河南省地方病健康教育项目效果评价

Effect evaluation of health education project of endemic diseases in Henan Province

目的评价河南省地方病健康教育项目效果。方法结合河南省地方病病种分布和病情,2008-2015年每年在每个省辖市选择5个项目县(市、区,简称县),每个项目县抽取3个乡(镇)作为项目乡(镇),每个项目乡(镇)抽取1所中心小学和学校所在村作为健康教育调查点。采用前瞻性研究方法,用问卷对项目乡(镇)小学生和项目村家庭主妇进行地方病知识知晓率基线调查,在项目县、乡(镇)、村、学校开展健康教育干预活动,2个月后通过问卷调查评价健康教育干预效果。结果共基线调查111870人,其中学生74580人、家庭主妇37290人;干预后效果评估调查99671人,其中学生66249人、家庭主妇33422人。小学生的知晓率由干预前的59.74%提高到干预后的92.89%;家庭主妇的知晓率由干预前的65.62%提高到干预后的91.82%。目标总人群的知晓率由干预前的61.70%提高到干预后的92.53%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中碘缺乏病、饮水型地方性氟中毒、燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒、饮水型地方性砷中毒、大骨节病和克山病的知识知晓率均明显提高(P均<0.01)。结论随着健康教育项目的实施,河南省地方病防治知识知晓率明显提高。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education project on prevention and control of endemic diseases in Henan Province.Methods According to the distribution and condition of endemic diseases in Henan Province,from 2008 to 2015,five project counties(cities,districts,referred to as counties)were selected in each provincial city.Three townships(towns)were selected from each project county as project townships(towns),and one central primary school and the village where the school was located were selected from each township(town)as health education survey sites.The prospective study method was adopted.Firstly,the students in the primary school of the project township(town)and the housewives in the project village were investigated with questionnaire.The intervention activities of health education were carried out in the county,township(town),village and school of the project.The intervention effect of health education was evaluated by questionnaire survey two months later.Results There were 111870 people investigated in Henan Province,including 74580 students and 37290 housewives.A total of 99671 people were surveyed after the intervention,including 66249 students and 33422 housewives.Elementary student's awareness rate of endemic diseases prevention and control knowledge increased from 59.74%before intervention to 92.89%after intervention,the housewives'awareness rate increased from 65.62%before intervention to 91.82%after intervention.The awareness rate of the target population increased from 61.70%before intervention to 92.53%after intervention(P<0.01);among them,the awareness rates of iodine deficiency disorders,drinking water type fluorosis,coal-burning type fluorosis,drinking water type arsenic poisoning,Kashin-Beck disease and Keshan disease were significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion With the implementation of health education project,the awareness rate of knowledge on endemic diseases has increased distinctly.