民事拟制撤诉的理念探析及制度重塑

Concept Analysis and System Reconstruction of Civil Fictive Withdrawal

拟制撤诉属于所有撤诉形态中极其特殊的制度存在,系当事人无明确的撤诉意思表示时由法院依职权启动的撤诉类型,为对当事人处分权运行原理的明显挑战及违背。基于拟制撤诉区别于其他撤诉形态的这一根本性特征,需要对拟制撤诉的运行理念及制度内涵单独予以审视考量。我国现行两类拟制撤诉启动事由与该制度存在明显非融合性,契合拟制撤诉的备位属性及制度特征,其应当始终遵循严格受控和高阶化运行之基本原则,谨慎地划定拟制撤诉的适用范围。将这一理念融入具体制度场域,就应当表征为来自启动事由及可运行程序阶段的双重限制模式构建。

Fictive withdrawal belongs to a very special system in all withdrawal forms,it is the type of withdrawal initiated by the court when the parties have no clear intention of withdrawal,it is an obvious challenge and violation to the operation principle of the party's right of disposition.Based on this fundamental characteristics of fictitious withdrawal that different from other withdrawal forms,it is necessary to examine and consider the operation concept and system connotation of fictitious withdrawal separately.There is obvious inconsistency between the two kinds of reasons for starting Fictive withdrawal and the system itself,in accordance with the characteristics of fictitious withdrawal,it should always follow the basic principles of strict control and high-level operation,carefully delimit the scope of application of fictitious withdrawal.This idea will be integrated into the specific system field,it s hould be manifested as the construction of double restriction mode from the start-up reason and the operation stage of litigation procedure.