法学方法论的基础知识

Basic Knowledge of Legal Methodology

法学方法是关于法律解释和法律续造的学问,是法科学生必须掌握的知识。法律主要围绕文义、历史、体系和目的四要素展开解释,并需兼顾合宪性解释方法,以及欧盟成员国家的法律解释需要符合欧盟指令要求。法律续造以漏洞为前提,漏洞不宜理解过窄;主要续造方法为类推和目的性限缩。此外,掌握法学方法需要了解常用的立法技术和法学推论技术。

The Legal methodology is the study of legal interpretation and continued development(Rechtsfortbildung)and is an essential knowledge for law students.The law is mainly interpreted around the four elements of text,history,system and purpose,taking into account the methods of constitutional interpretation,as well as the need to comply with the requirements of EU directives in the interpretation of the laws of EU member states.The so-called legal continued development is based on loopholes which should not be understood too narrowly.The main development methods are analogy and objective reduction.In addition,the mastery of legal methods requires an understanding of general legislative techniques and legal reasoning techniques.