牙根纵裂的诊疗研究进展

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of vertical root fracture

牙根纵裂是指纵向牙齿折裂,起始于牙根的任何水平并沿牙齿长轴扩展,通常由根管的内侧壁延伸至外侧壁,主要涉及到牙髓—牙本质复合体及牙周骨组织的破坏。牙根纵裂的诱发因素复杂,临床症状与体征不典型,患牙多因咬物不适、钝痛、自发痛等症状而无法行使功能,早期诊断困难,现有的治疗方法无法达到以功能为导向的牙齿及牙周组织结构修复,导致患牙预后差,保存困难,是口腔临床工作中较为棘手的情况之一。本文对牙根纵裂的症状、诊断标准、临床致病因素及现有治疗手段、治疗进展进行了回顾和总结,以期对牙根纵裂治疗提供新的思路。

Vertical root fracture(VRF) is a type of longitudinal tooth fractures. The fracture is initiated from any level in the root and propagates along the long axis of the root. It usually extends from the root canal to the periodontium, mainly involving the destruction of pulp-dentin complex and periodontal bone tissue. The etiological factors contributing to vertical root fracture is complicated, and the affected teeth mostly failed to function owing to symptoms like biting discomfort and spontaneous pain. Lacking of typical symptoms and signs makes the early diagnosis difficult. The existed therapeutic methods cannot achieve the function-oriented damaged tissue repair, resulting in VRF as one of the most challenging conditions in dental practice. This paper reviewed the symptoms, diagnostic criteria, clinical associated factors, current treatment methods and its progress of vertical root fracture, hoping to offer a new perspective for the treatment.