农田生态系统碳水通量研究进展

Advances in Research on Carbon and Water Flux in Farmland Ecosystem

农田生态系统是陆地生态系统的一个十分重要的组成部分,不仅受自然规律的制约,还深受人类活动的影响.在全球气候变暖的背景下,我国作为农业大国,农田生态系统被认为是影响气候变暖和全球碳水循环的重要因素,农田生态系统碳水通量变化特征的研究对于探讨整个陆地生态系统乃至全球范围内的碳水循环规律具有重要的现实意义.通过梳理国内外文献,总结农田生态系统碳水通量的研究现状,重点论述小麦生态系统、玉米生态系统和水稻生态系统等主要农作物类型的生态系统中碳水通量的时间变化规律及研究成果,并对比了复合轮作型农田生态系统通量研究结果,发现二者变化曲线存有差异;简单论述了土壤温度、水分、光照及农艺措施等因素对农田生态系统碳水通量变化的影响,提出今后的研究重点可考虑对多因子协同作用的分析.对目前国内外测量农田通量的主要观测方法和估算方法包括涡度相关法(EC)、波文比能量平衡法(BREB)、蒸渗仪法、大孔径闪烁仪法(LAS)、彭曼法(P-M法)及空气动力学法等在农田生态系统通量研究中的成果进行了总结,并探讨其应用方面存在的优缺点.指出目前研究的一些不足,并对未来研究中值得深入研究的科学问题做出展望,为以后正确评价全球气候变化和有效进行农业活动提供科学理论依据.

Farmland ecosystem,as an important part of terrestrial ecosystem,is considered as a kind of domesticated ecosystem.It is not only restricted by natural laws,but also deeply affected by human activities.Under the background of global warming,as an agricultural country in our country,the farmland ecosystem is considered to be the important factors influencing the climate warming and the global carbon cycle,and the carbon and water flux variation characteristics of farmland ecosystem have important practical significance to explore the land ecosystem and global carbon cycle in the range of the law.Through combing the literatures at home and abroad,we summarized the research status of farmland ecosystem carbon water flux,emphatically discussed the time-varying regularity and research results of carbon and water flux in wheat ecosystem,maize ecosystem and rice ecosystem,and the results of the study on the flux of the compound crop rotation system showed that there were differences between the two curves.The effects of soil temperature,moisture,illumination and agronomic measures on the change of carbon and water flux in farmland ecosystem were briefly discussed,and the analysis of multifactor synergy could be considered in the future research.In flux measurement fields at home and abroad,the main observation and the estimation methods,including eddy covariance method(EC),bowen-ratio energy balance method(BREB),lysimeter method,large aperture scintillometer method(LAS),the penmen method(P-M method),and the aerodynamic research method in farmland ecosystems results were summarized in the study of flux,and their application advantages and disadvantages are discussed.Finally,the paper pointed out some deficiencies in the current research,and made a prospect of scientific issues worthy of further study in the future research,so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the correct evaluation of global climate change and effective agricultural activities in the future.