防治性骚扰的中国之路:学说、立法与裁判

Preventing Sexual Harassment in China:Academic Discussion,Legislation and Adjudication

第四次世界妇女大会以来,中国防治性骚扰的进展主要从学说、立法、司法三个层面体现。启动于不同年份的定性和定量调查揭示出性骚扰的社会危害性以及界定性骚扰概念、建立防治机制的重要性。对性骚扰议题的本土化研究,既要在国际视野下进行比较分析和鉴别,又要立足本土实践,从立法演进和司法实践中探索出本土的社会治理模式。从第四次世界妇女大会至今,中国专门防治性骚扰的法律制度从无到有,不断健全,渐成体系。在这个过程中,妇女权益保障法关于性骚扰规定的突破是历史性转折,民法典相关规定的确立具有里程碑意义。而将性骚扰损害责任纠纷单独列举为民事诉讼案由,与性骚扰这一侵权行为的特性更加贴切,有利于司法准确判定案件性质、及时保护受害人权益。

Since the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995,the progress in preventing sexual harassment in China has gone through three stages:academie discussion,legislation,and adjudication.Research on the issue over years initiated discussions of the findings that revealed the social harnfulness of sexual harassment as well as the importance of defining the concept of sexual harassment and establishing a prevention mechanism.This localization of research on sexual harassment has not only adopted an intermational perspective,s0 as to help conduct investigation through comparative analysis,but also anchored on local practice.so as to develop a social governance model that help advance the legsative and adjudicative processes.Over the past 26 years,China has established a legal system for the prevention and control of sexual harassment that continues to improve.Speifcally,civil litigation as a result of disputes over liability for damages in sexual harassment is more relevant to be covered in a tort of sexual harassment than in an ofence of human right,because the former is conducive to accurate judgment of the nature of the case and timely protection of the rights and interests of victims.