清前期打箭炉关税对西藏寺院的赞助

Dajianlu Custom Bequeathed the Lama Tea and Silver in the Qing Dynasty

打箭炉是四川进入西藏的门户,设有税关。雍正五年(1727年),准噶尔部骚扰西藏。次年,雍正皇帝将七世达赖喇嘛移居噶达城,并造惠远庙为其居住、诵经之所。雍正皇帝拨银十万两,仿西藏本佛庙建造,殿堂楼房一千余间,又为平房四百余间,赐额曰“惠远”。雍正八年(1730年),寺成,七世达赖喇嘛移居惠远庙。此后惠远庙屡次修缮皆来自打箭炉的税关经费支出。清朝赏赐喇嘛茶叶和银两亦来自打箭炉税关经费。雍正三年(1725年)奉谕旨:每年赏给达赖喇嘛茶叶5000斤、班禅额尔德尼茶叶2500斤。又赏给达赖喇嘛、班禅之徒众驮运茶叶脚价银200两。再者,乾隆三年(1738年)起,皇帝增添赏给达赖喇嘛徒众等银5000两。总之,打箭炉税关支付达赖喇嘛茶叶脚价银、赏银与七世达赖喇嘛的惠远庙的修建费和喇嘛盘费等。打箭炉税关供给银两是一般常关较为少见的现象,可谓四川地区税关的特色之一。

Dajianlu(now Kangding)was Sichuan's gateway to Tibet,and also where a custom point was in-stalled.The Zunghars invaded Tibet in 1727.In the following year,the Emperor Yongzheng relocated the 7^th Dalai Lama to the Geda city,and began building the Hueiyuan Temple as the Lama's residence and worship place.The Emperor allocated 100000 taels of silver for the construction.The new temple followed the style of the Benfo Temple in Tibet,and had more than one thousand halls and multi-story buildings as well as more than 400 single-storybuildings.The Emperor bestowed the temple a plaque inscribed with“Hueiyuan”.The 7th Dalai Lama moved into the temple when the construction concluded in 1730.The expenses of the renovations of the Hueiyuan Temple in the following years were paid by the budget of the Dajianlu Custom.The Qing Dynasty bequeathed the Lama tea and silver,which also came from the budget of the Dajianlu Custom.In 1725,the Emperor Yongzheng ordered to bestow the Dalai Lama 5000 catties of tea,and the Penchan Erdeni another 2500 catties.200 taels of silver was given to the Dalai Lama and Penchan's tea transporter;from 1738,this payment increased to 5000 taels.In summary,the transport fee of tea to the Dalai Lama,gift silver,the cost of constructing the 7th Dalai Lama's Hueiyuan Temple,and the travel expenses of the Lama,all came from the budget of the Dajianlu Custom.This was not a common practice and hence was a special feature of the Sichuan Custom.