挪威化与去挪威化——易卜生由地方性而世界主义的转变机制论

Norwegianization and De-Norwegianization——On Ibsen’s Transformation Mechanism from Localism to Cosmopolitanism

挪威殊异于法、德、英等国的现代性进程,以及易卜生对于民族、地方性等有限性观念的不满,使得易卜生的思想从地方性转变为世界主义,其文学创作也从浪漫民族文学演变为世界主义文学。易卜生与挪威之间的动态变化关系,构成了易卜生思想、文学转变的核心,而挪威这一符号的所指与功用也随之发生了演变。一方面,挪威化的实质是挪威认同,建构起易卜生的浪漫民族文学,此时的挪威是地方性的挪威。另一方面,易卜生的斯堪的纳维亚主义,促成了其思想、文学的去挪威化,而长年移居欧洲其他国家的地理漫游经验,又培养了易卜生的跨界精神,最终使他走向了世界主义,挪威也随之演变成世界的缩影与样本的挪威。

Ibsen’s thought changed from localism to cosmopolitanism and his literary creation from romantic national literature to cosmopolitan literature,due to the fact that Norway is different from France,Germany,Britain and other countries in the process of modernity and that Ibsen was dissatisfied with the limited concept of nationality and locality.The dynamic relationship between Ibsen and Norway constituted the core of his ideological and literary transformation,with the evolvement of Norway’s denotation and function.On the one hand,the essence of Norwegianization is Norwegian identity,which constructed Ibsen’s romantic national literature,with Norway being local.On the other hand,his idea based on Scandinavia triggered his de-Norwegianization in terms of thoughts and literature.His long-term experience of geographic roaming in other European countries cultivated his cross-border spirit,which eventually led him to cosmopolitanism and Norway evolved into the epitome and sample of the world.