平均速度确定最佳功率负荷的可行性研究

Study on the Feasibility of Determining Optimal Power Load by Average Velocity

目的:探讨使用平均速度确定大学生运动员不同力量训练手段的最佳功率负荷(Optimal Power Load,OPL)的可行性。方法:选取46名大学生运动员进行卧推和半蹲起的最大力量(1 Repetition Maximu m,1 RM)测试和10%、30%、50%、70%和90%1RM负荷下的卧推抛和半蹲起最大输出功率测试。结果:卧推抛训练时,投掷组、短跑组和篮球组的OPL为70%1RM,体操组OPL为50%1 RM;半蹲起训练时,投掷组OPL为90%1 RM,短跑组、篮球组和体操组OPL为70%1 RM。卧推抛和半蹲起OPL时,各组别间的OPL、1RM、平均力、最大力、平均功率、最大功率均具有差异(P<0.05),平均速度和最大速度不具有显著性差异。卧推抛OPL对应的平均速度为1.03±0.24 m/s,半蹲起OPL对应的平均速度为0.86±0.19 m/s。结论:在发展运动员最大输出功率的力量训练中,不同专项运动员具有不同的OPL,利用平均速度指标确定运动员的OPL具有一定的可行性和稳定性。通常,发展卧推抛最大输出功率的平均速度约为1.03 m/s,发展半蹲起最大输出功率的平均速度约为0.86 m/s。

Objective:The purpose of this paper was to determine the feasibility of determining the Optimal Power Load(OPL)of different strength training methods of college athletes by average velocity.Methods:Forty-six male college athletes were recruited for the test of 1 repetition maximum(1 RM)of half squat and bench press and the test of maximum power output of bench press throw and half squat,using loads of10%,30%,50%,70%and 90%1 RM.Results:During the bench press throw training,the OPL of throwing group,sprinting group and basketball group was 70%1 RM,while the OPL of gymnastics group was 50%1 RM.During the squattraining,the OPL of throwing group was 90%1 RM,while that of sprinting group,basketball group and gymnastics group was 70%1 RM.The OPL,1 RM,average force,maximum force,average power and maximum power were all different in the strength training of bench press throw and squat OPL among different groups(P<0.05),while the average velocity and maximum velocity were not significantly different.The average velocity of bench press throw OPL is 1.03±0.24 m/s,and that of half squat OPL is 0.86±0.19 m/s.Conclusions:In the development of athletes'maximum output power strength training,different athletes have different OPL.It is feasible and stable to use the average velocity index to determine the OPL of athletes.Generally,the average velocity of developing the maximum output power of half squat is about 0.86 m/s,and the average velocity of developing the maximum output power of bench press throw is about 1.03 m/s.