成年男性场地不同强度负重步行时的能量消耗特征研究

The Study on Energy Consumption Characteristics of Male Adults with Different Intensity and Loads during Walking on the Ground

目的:探讨在既定场地下成年男性以不同的速度和负重强度行走时能量消耗的变化特征。方法:对46名20~30岁的男性,按照体重指数(BMI)分为正常体重组和超重组。测定:(1)安静时的能耗;(2)场地无负重步行的能耗;(3)负重(背包形式)步行的能耗。步行的速度为:4.0、5.0与6.0 km/h,步行时的负重为:0、1、2、3、4、5 kg。结果:当速度为5.0 km/h、负重2 kg的情况步行及当速度为4.0 km/h,负重0、1、3、4 kg步行时,超重组与正常体重组的净能量消耗和能量消耗存在差异,前者明显高于后者(P <0.05);以速度相同、负荷递增的条件下行走时,两组的心率、摄氧量、净能量消耗、能量消耗并无明显增加;在负荷相同、速度递增的情况下,两组负重步行时的心率、摄氧量、净能量消耗、能量消耗均明显增加(P <0.05)。结论:对行走时能量消耗影响较大的是速度而不是负重。所以当采用步行为运动形式时,可按照速度为主要因素、负重为次要因素的组合形式进行负重步行,从而提高机体能量代谢率,增加机体耗氧量,产生增强机体呼吸、循环功能等生理良性变化。

Objective:To discuss and analyze the characteristics of energy consumption of male adults during walking with different loads and different speeds on the designated groud.Methods:42 male adults were divided into normal weight group and overweight group according to body mass index(BMI).Measurement:(1)Energy consumption at rest;(2)energy consumption without loads during walking on the site;(3)energy consumption during walking(load in the form of backpack).The walking speeds were:4.0,5.0,and 6.0 km/h,and the loads during walking were:0,1,2,3,4,and 5 kg.Results:There were significant differences in the net energy consumption and energy consumption between overweight group and normal weight group during walking at a speed of 5.0 km/h,a load of 2 kg,and a speed of 4.0 km/h,and loads of 0,1.0,3.0 and 4.0 kg,overweight males were significantly higher than the normal weight males(P<0.05);during walking with increasing load at the same speed,heart rate,oxygen uptake,net energy consumption and energy consumption in the two groups did not increase significantly;during walking with the same load at increasing speed,heart rate,oxygen uptake,net energy consumption and energy consumption in the two groups increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion:speed has greater influence on energy consumption during walking than weight.When walking is used as the form of exercise,speed can be used as the main factor,and weight a secondary factor for load-bearing walking,thereby improving the body s energy metabolism rate,increasing oxygen consumption,and producing positive physiological change in enhancing the body's respiratory and circulation functions.