我国优秀气步枪运动员射击成绩的技术影响因素分析

Technical factors influencing shooting performance of Chinese elite air rifle athletes

目的:探究影响我国优秀气步枪运动员射击成绩的重要技术因素,为运动员备战东京奥运会技术训练提供支持。方法:以备战2021年东京奥运会的12名国家步枪射击队运动员为测试对象,通过SCATT激光测试及Footscan足底压力测试,采用主成分分析(PCA)和主成分回归分析(PCR)对测试数据进行统计分析。结果:(1)运用主成分分析,从10个测试指标中优选出了5个能够较全面评价射击技术的代表性指标:瞄准精度、姿势平衡、举枪及扣扳机稳定性、瞄准时间和足底压力比;(2)通过主成分回归分析建立了射击成绩的回归模型,可解释射击成绩78.7的方差。其中,瞄准精度可解释射击成绩36.6的方差;举枪及扣扳机稳定性可解释射击成绩24.9的方差;姿势平衡可解释射击成绩8的方差;瞄准时间可解释射击成绩5的方差;足底压力比可解释射击成绩4.2的方差。结论:我国优秀气步枪运动员射击技术主要包括:瞄准精度、姿势平衡、举枪及扣扳机稳定性、瞄准时间和足底压力比。其中,对射击成绩影响较大的为瞄准精度、举枪及扣扳机稳定性。

Objective:To explore the main technical factors influencing shooting performance of Chinese elite air rifle athletes,and to provide support for athletes'shooting technique preparing for the Tokyo Olympics.Methods:12 national rifle shooting athletes preparing for the 2021 Tokyo Olympics as the test subjects.For each shot,five aiming technique parameters were recorded by the SCATT laser test,while five postural balance parameters were recorded by the Footscan plantar pressure test.Principal component analysis(PCA)and principal component regression analysis(PCR)were used for data analysis.Results:(1)PCA revealed five factors in ten postural balance and aim point fluctuation parameters:aiming accuracy,posture balance,stability of hold and cleanness of trigger,aiming time,and plantar pressure ratio;(2)PCR established a regression model of shooting performance,which can explain 78.7%of the variance of shooting performance.Among them,aiming accuracy can explain 36.6%of the variance of shooting performance;stability of hold and cleanness of trigger can explain 24.9%of the variance of shooting performance;posture balance can explain 8%of the variance of shooting performance;aiming time can explain 5%of the variance of shooting performance;plantar pressure ratio can explain 4.2%of the variance of shooting performance.Conclusion:The main shooting technique factors of Chinese elite air rifle athletes included:aiming accuracy,posture balance,stability of hold and cleanness of trigger,aiming time,and plantar pressure ratio.Among them,the most significant factors affecting shooting performance were accuracy of aiming,stability of hold and cleanness of trigger.