霍山石斛种植模式比较及拟境栽培的优势分析

Comparison of planting modes of Dendrobium huoshanense and analysis of advantages of simulated cultivation

霍山石斛为兰科石斛属珍稀濒危药用植物,为安徽霍山特产药材,其野生资源极为稀缺。目前已通过组织培养和人工栽培技术使得这一物种得到了极大的保护,也促使霍山石斛产业化变为可能。霍山石斛主要栽培模式有3种:设施栽培、林下栽培和拟境栽培。该文首先对霍山石斛的3种栽培模式及技术特点进行比较分析,发现拟境栽培霍山石斛的生态环境更接近于野生霍山石斛;其次比较了性状与品质,拟境栽培霍山石斛其形更似《本草经集注》中所述"形似蚱蜢髀者为佳",其品质优于设施和林下栽培。3种霍山石斛的综合效益比较表明拟境栽培收益高、投入产出比最低,经济效益显著。最后从"优境""优形""优质""优效"4个方面对3种栽培模式霍山石斛的质量进行评价,总结出拟境栽培对霍山石斛品质形成的综合优势:模拟了野生霍山石斛的原始生境和立地环境;外形更接近于野生型;主要药用成分含量更高;经济效益高且功效更优。拟境栽培技术的应用对霍山石斛的规模化种植具有现实指导意义。

Dendrobium huoshanense is a precious medicinal plant belonging to Dendrobium of Orchidaceae. It is a special medicinal material and extremely scarce in Huoshan county, Anhui province. At present, D. huoshanense has been greatly protected, which also makes it possible to industrialize relying on tissue culture and artificial cultivation technology. Three main planting methods were utilized for cultivating D. huoshanense including facility cultivation, under forest cultivation and simulative habitat cultivation. Firstly, the three cultivation modes and technical characteristics of D. huoshanense were compared and analyzed, and it was found that the ecological environment of D. huoshanense cultivated in the simulated environment was closer to that of wild D. huoshanense. Secondly, based on comparing the characters and quality of three cultivation modes, the results showed that the shape of D. huoshanense cultivated in simulated environment was more similar to that of "grasshopper thigh" recorded in Bencao Jing Jizhu, and its quality was better than that of facilities and under forest cultivation. The comprehensive benefit comparison of three modes showed that the simulated cultivation had high income, the lowest input-output ratio and significant economic benefit. The quality of cultivated D. huoshanense was further evaluated from four aspects of "excellent environment" "excellent shape" "high quality" "excellent effect", which summarized the comprehensive advantages of simulative habitat cultivation of D. huoshanense as follows: the original habitat and site environment of simulated wild D. huoshanense, the closer shape to the wild, the more content of main medicinal components, and higher economic benefit and better efficacy. The quality of D. huoshanense was improved by the use of simulative habitat cultivation, which has practical significance to guide its large-scale cultivation.