珠海市香洲区环卫工人与普通居民肺结节发生率对比和易发因素调查研究

Comparison of the incidence of pulmonary nodules between sanitation workers and ordinary residents in Xiangzhou District,Zhuhai City

目的:了解珠海市香洲区环卫工人肺结节的发生率及其易发因素,为环卫工人职业健康教育提供依据。方法:通过对珠海市香洲区环卫工人和普通居民年龄≥40岁,<75岁的居民进行低剂量CT筛查以及对其年龄、性别、职业、生活史、既往史及家族遗传病史的问卷调查。结果:环卫工人人均结节约为0.79个(1158/1467),其中实性结节0.65个(947/1467),毛玻璃结节0.09个(127/1467),混合结节0.06个(84/1467)。普通居民人均结节约为0.91个(470/516),其中实性结节0.74个(384/516),毛玻璃结节0.1个(52/516),混合结节0.07个(34/516)。环卫工人戴口罩与不戴口罩结节发生率差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),而男性、吸烟是肺部多发结节的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论:该地区环卫工人、普通居民的肺结节发生率分别为78.94%、91.09%,男性、吸烟者为肺部结节的易发因素,环卫工人戴口罩明显减少肺部结节发生率。

Objective to investigate the incidence and risk factors of pulmonary nodules among sanitation workers in Xiangzhou District of Zhuhai City,and to provide basis for occupational health education of sanitation workers.Method Through the low-dose CT screening and questionnaire survey on age,gender,occupation,life-history,past history and family genetic disease history of sanitation workers and ordinary residents in Xiangzhou District of Zhuhai City who are≥40 years old and<75 years old.Results The average number of nodules per sanitation worker was 0.79(1158/1467),including 0.65(947/1467)solid nodules,0.09(127/1467)ground glass nodules and 0.06(84/1467)mixed nodules.And the average number of nodules per ordinary residents was 0.91(470/516),including 0.74(384/516)solid nodules,0.1(52/516)ground glass nodules and 0.07(34/516)mixed nodules.There was a significant difference in the incidence of pulmonary nodules between the sanitation workers wearing masks and not wearing masks(P=0.001),while men and smoking were the high-risk factors for multiple pulmonary nodules(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of pulmonary nodules among sanitation workers and ordinary residents in the area was 78.94%and 91.09%respectively.Men and smokers were the risk factors of pulmonary nodules.Sanitation workers wearing masks can reduced the incidence of pulmonary nodules significantly.