论生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境公益诉讼之衔接

Connection between ecological environment damage compensation litigation and environmental public interest litigation

在现行司法实践中,我国对生态环境损害之救济采取的是生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境公益诉讼并行的"双轨制"模式。通过分析典型案件可以发现,现行立法未能为化解生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境公益诉讼之间的制度"碰撞"提供明确的规范指南,导致"两诉"之间时常会陷入管辖冲突与衔接困境。生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的模糊属性以及相关立法规定的缺失,是导致"两诉"衔接陷入困境之根由。为此,应当在准确识别生态环境损害赔偿诉讼性质之前提下,通过立法对"两诉"之间的顺位规则、索赔主体机制等核心规范予以明确。具体而言,未来我国应当明确生态环境损害赔偿诉讼优于环境公益诉讼的顺位规则,并建立"行政机关—环保组织—检察机关"三位一体且逐层递进的索赔主体结构,最大程度发挥"两诉"之制度合力。

In the current judicial practice,the relief of ecological environment damage in China adopts a“double-track”model in which both ecological environment damage compensation litigation and environmental public interest litigation are applicable.Through the analysis of typical cases,it can be found that the current legislation fails to provide a clear normative guideline for resolving the institutional“collision”between ecological environment damage compensation litigation and environmental public interest litigation,consequently the“two litigations”often fall into the dilemma of jurisdiction conflict and connection.The vague nature of ecological environment damage compensation litigation and the lack of relevant legislative provisions are the root causes for the dilemma.Therefore,on the premise of accurately identifying the nature of the ecological environment damage compensation litigation,the core specifications such as the sequence rules between the“two litigations”and the subject of claim mechanism should be clarified through legislation.Specifically,in the future,in China we should clarify the sequence rule that ecological environment damage compensation litigation is superior to the environmental public interest litigation,and establish a progressive claim subject structure of“administrative organ-environmental organization-procuratorial organ”,in order to maximize the institutional synergy of the“two litigations”.