困境与出路:“激活”视角下我国就业救助制度透视

Dilemma and Outlet:China’s Employment AssistanceSystem from the Perspective of“Activation”

西方福利国家社会救助的“激活”是指通过各种措施的组合帮助受助者克服就业障碍、提升就业能力并获得就业脱贫的机会。通过借助“激活”视角分析我国就业救助制度,可以发现,结构层面的积极型措施覆盖面窄、政策供给不足,相比来说,消极性措施如工作推荐和公益劳动较为普遍,过程层面的义务程度高、有相应制裁手段、个性化关注度低,这说明了我国就业救助基本上与西方的消极型“激活”政策类似,制度面临的最大困境是在就业救助在帮助低保对象实现脱贫自立方面的政策成效有限。在分析了造成就业救助困境的原因之后,提出了我国就业救助制度的改革与完善出路,包括明确就业救助制度的理念、定位和原则,进行就业救助制度的再设计和做好就业救助的相关配套衔接工作。

The“activation”of social assistance in western welfare states refers to the combination of various measures to help recipients overcome employment barriers,improve their employability and get off poverty through employment.Through the analysis of China’s employment assistance system from the perspective of“activation”,it can be found that positive measures at the structural level cover a narrow coverage and the supply of policies is insufficient.In contrast,negative measures such as job recommendation and voluntary labor are more common.At the process level,the high degree of obligation is accompanied by the corresponding sanctions and the low degree of personalized attention,which indicates that the employment assistance in China is basically similar to the passive activation policy in the West.The biggest dilemma faced by the problem is that the employment assistance has limited effects on helping the recipients of subsistence allowance to achieve poverty alleviation and self-reliance.After analyzing the causes of the difficulties by employment assistance,this paper puts forward the way out for the reform and improvement of China’s employment assistance system,including clarifying the concept orientation and principles of employment assistance system,redesigning the employment assistance concept of orientation and doing a good job in the related supporting work of employment assistance.