负折射率材料及其成像规律--由2020年北京普高适应性测试物理卷第14题引发的思考

Negative Refraction Index Materials and Their Imaging Laws

针对最近热议的2020年北京普高适应性测试物理卷第14题中所涉及的负折射率材料,文中对这类材料的研究历史与前沿进展进行了简要介绍,对该问题中出现的“是否超光速”这一争议点进行了讨论.然后根据光在负折射率材料中的传播规律,对一块由负折射率材料构成的具有一定厚度的平板介质的成像特点进行了计算,得到了其成实像的判定条件,并与正折射率材料的成像特点进行了对比.最后,利用Matlab模拟直观展示了物体所发出的不同入射角度的光线经过不同折射率组合的介质后的传播规律.

Aiming at the negative-index material involved in the 14th question of recently discussed 2020 Adaptability test of Beijing senior high school academic level-grading examination,this article gives a brief introduction to the research history and progress of this kind of material,and the controversial point that"whether it is faster than light"is discussed.Then according to the law of light propagation in the material with negative index of refraction,the imaging characteristics of the plate medium with a certain thickness made of material with negative index of refraction are calculated,and the conditions for determining its real-imaging process are obtained.The imaging characteristics are compared with the positive-index one.Finally,simulation by Matlab is used to visually present the propagation feature of light with different incidence angles emitted by the object after passing through the medium of different refractive index combinations.