“证照分离”改革的法治困境与制度完善

The Dilemma of the Rule of Law and System Perfection in the Reform of“Separation of Certificate and License”

"证照分离"改革是破解"准入不准营"难题的关键。造成"准入不准营"的主要原因包括法律制度的强行性规定,管制思维的巨大惯性以及行政官员惧怕承担改革风险。作为"证照分离"改革重要方式的备案制和告知承诺制面临着一定的合法性困境。"证照分离"改革程序仍然面临着一定的法治困境,主要体现在国务院调整的行政法规和文件过少,优化准入条件的具体要求与法律相龃龉,全国人大常委会的角色缺失。增强简政放权力度,压缩权力寻租空间,及时修改法律、行政法规,鼓励地方探索精神,赋予地方更多的改革自主权,确保改革在法治框架内推进,是"证照分离"改革进一步发展完善的重要路径。

The reform of"separation of certificate and license"is the key to solve the problem of"no access to business".The main reasons for this problem include the mandatory provisions of the legal system,the huge inertia of regulatory thinking and the fear of administrative organs to bear the risk of reform.As an important method of the reform of"separation of certificate and license",the filing system and the notification commitment system are faced with certain legitimacy dilemmas;the reform process is still faced with certain legal dilemma,mainly reflected in the lack of administrative regulations and documents adjusted by the State Council,the specific requirements of optimizing access conditions and laws are at odds with the law,and the absence of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.It is an important path for the further development and improvement of the"separation of certificate and license"reform to strengthen the efforts of streamlining administration and delegating power,compress the space for rent-seeking power,promptly modify laws and administrative regulations,encourage local exploration spirit,give more autonomy to local reform,and ensure that the reform is carried out within the framework of the rule of law.