后冷战时期美国情报体系发展沿革:改革实践、旧问题与新挑战

The Development History of the U.S.Intelligence Community During Post-Cold War Era:Reform Practice,Former Problems and New Challenges

[目的/意义]冷战结束后,由于国际体系结构剧变,美国政府对于国际安全环境以及国家威胁的认知与评估随之发生改变,美国情报体系也通过一系列改革措施进行调整。[方法/过程]通过对后冷战时期美国情报体系改革历程的历时性梳理,系统阐述美国情报体系的改革实践与成果,并在此基础之上进一步剖析美国情报体系在后冷战时期的改革实践过程中所面临的一些历史性、技术性、结构性的问题与挑战。[结果/结论]任何国家行为体都需要适应国际体系结构的嬗变与技术革命的发展,并始终将情报工作与国家安全的核心利益相匹配。

[Purpose/Significance]Since the end of the Cold War,the U.S.government has changed its recognition and assessment of international security environment and national threat with the drastic development of international system structure.Accordingly,the U.S.intelligence community takes a series of measures to reform.[Method/Process]Based on the diachronical analysis of the progress of U.S.intelligence community's reform,this article further elucidates the practice and achievements of its reform.In addition,this article anatomizes some historical,technological,and systemic problems and challenges encountered by U.S.intelligence community during its reform process.[Result/Conclusion]Any state actor must accommodate to the transformation of international systematic structure and technological revolution,and align its intelligence task with its core interest of national security.