国外老年用户网络健康信息使用行为研究:理论基础、影响因素与未来启示

A Research on Internet Health Information Use Behavior of Elderly Users Abroad:Theoretical Basis,Influencing Factors and Future Enlightenment

[目的/意义]梳理国外老年用户网络健康信息使用相关文献,揭示老年人数字媒体行为轨迹并搭建影响因素框架,为优化我国老年健康服务体系提供新媒体方向理论参考。[方法/过程]通过在Web of Science数据库检索关键词、人工阅读摘要和下载全文几个阶段,获取相关外文文献51篇;采用内容分析法,对文献主要议题、基础理论、影响因素、因变量、自变量与实证结果做出统计分析。[结果/结论]已有研究对理论的使用呈现两极分化趋势,社会认知理论、社会情绪选择理论、社会支持理论和活动理论采用最多;影响老年人网络健康信息获取的7个要素中,以客观维度的社交陪伴、工具性支持和主观维度的个体需求关注最多。后续研究应加强宏观微观视角配合、加大样本数量与差异化程度、鼓励纵向对比研究、重视理论成果与实际环境深度融合。我国老年网络健康服务的实践,应注意关注老年个体差异化需求、优化服务模式与平台质量,并提倡同伴关怀以发展老年健康互助模式。

[Purpose/Significance]This study reviews the literature on the use of online health information for elderly users abroad,reveals the behavioral trajectory of digital media for the elderly and builds a framework of influencing factors,so as to provide theoretical reference for new media direction to optimize the elderly health service system in China.[Method/Process]Through keyword retrieval,manual reading and full-text downloading in the Web of Science database,51 foreign literatures related to the use of network health information of elderly users were obtained.The main issues,basic theories,influencing factors,dependent variables,independent variables and empirical results involved in the literature were statistically analyzed by using content analysis method.[Result/Conclusion]The existing researches show a trend of polarization in the use of theories,with social cognition theory,social emotional choice theory,social support theory and activity theory being mostly used.Of the 7 factors that affect the elderly's access to online health information,the objective dimension of social companionship,instrumental support and subjective dimension of individual needs are the most concerned.Follow-up studies should strengthen the coordination of macro and micro perspectives,increase the number of samples and the degree of differentiation,encourage longitudinal comparative studies,and pay attention to the deep integration of theoretical results and the actual environment.The practice of online health services for the elderly in China should pay attention to the differentiated needs of the elderly,optimize the service model and platform quality,and advocate peer care to develop the model of elderly health mutual assistance.