花生壳生物炭用量对猪粪堆肥温室气体和NH_(3)排放的影响

Effects of peanut shell biochar on greenhouse gas and NH_(3) emissions during swine manure composting

为研究不同花生壳生物炭添加比例对猪粪堆肥过程中温室气体和NH_(3)排放的影响。利用强制通风静态堆肥技术,研究0(对照)、3%、6%和9%花生壳生物炭添加比例(质量比)对猪粪堆肥过程CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O和NH_(3)排放和堆肥性质的影响。结果表明:添加生物炭能够延长堆肥高温期持续天数,使pH提高0.09~0.13个单位,EC提高11.7%~50.6%;各堆肥处理CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放速率均随发酵时间的延长呈先升高后降低的趋势,且CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放速率均与pH具有显著的相关性;随生物炭用量的增加,猪粪堆肥过程中CO_(2)排放速率表现为先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中以3%生物炭添加比例处理最高,其平均CO_(2)排放速率比对照增加12.9%;N_(2)O排放和NH_(3)挥发均以9%生物炭添加比例处理最低,分别比对照降低12.5%和29.9%。综上,在整个堆肥过程中,花生壳生物炭的添加降低了N_(2)O和CH_(4)的累积排放量,且随花生壳生物炭添加比例的增加,温室气体减排效应增大。

The effects of different peanut shell biochar addition ratio on greenhouse gas and NH_(3) emissions during swine manure composting were investigated to provide scientific basis for nitrogen conservation and greenhouse gas emissions reduction.In this study,an experiment with peanut shell biochar addition rates of 0,3%,6% and 9% was conducted to study greenhouse gas(GHG)and NH_(3) emission and its correlation with environmental factors during swine manure composting using static forced-air composting boxes.The results showed that peanut shell biochar addition increased the high temperature duration of swine manure composting,the pH of composts increased by 0.09-0.13 units,and the EC increased by 11.7%-50.6%.The CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O emission rates increased first and then decreased with the increase of the composting time,and had a significant correlation with pH.With the increase of peanut shell biochar addition,the CO_(2)emission rate during swine manure composting first increased and then decreased.The average CO_(2) emission rate of 3% peanut shell biochar treatment was the highest,and increased by 12.9% than that of control.Both N_(2)O emission and NH_(3) volatilization of 9% peanut shell biochar treatment were the lowest,which decreased by 12.5% and 29.9%,respectively.In conclusion,during the entire composting process,the addition of peanut shell biochar reduced the cumulative emissions of N_(2)O and CH_(4).The emission reduction effect increased with the increase of the peanut shell biochar.