优质均衡背景下西藏农牧区学校教育质量困境与出路——基于对那曲市B县的田野调查

The Dilemma and Outlet of School Education Quality in Tibet’s Agricultural and Pastoral Areas under the Background of High-quality Balance——Based on the Field Investigation of B County,Naqu City

西藏农牧区教育质量问题不仅是西藏教育实现内涵式发展的关键所在,而且是我国义务教育均衡发展的重要环节。以西藏农牧区B县为例,运用田野调查、访谈、观察、实物分析法,对农牧区学校教育质量从教师"教"、学生"学"以及教育结果层面进行实地考察,发现农牧区学校教育质量存在诸多困境。究其深层原因在于:县域财政薄弱导致学校办学经费缺乏有效投入、教师队伍"量短、质低、心不稳"导致学校教学水平难提升、教学语言转换"不畅"导致教育质量瓶颈难突破、学校价值定位单一制约学校教育整体质量水平、"季节性失学"导致学校教学效果难保证。优质均衡背景下推动农牧区学校教育质量提升应坚持加强顶层设计,完善农牧区学校教育质量的保障机制;注重农牧区师资队伍的"协同"发展;统筹兼顾式推进国家通用语言文字教育;立足本土、灵活定位,课程渗入职业教育思想;因时、因地、因人制宜,允许差异缓行等路径。

The quality of education in Tibet’s agricultural and pastoral areas is not only the key to the connotative development of education in Tibet,but also an important part of the balanced development of compulsory education in China. Taking county B in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Tibet as an example,using the methods of field investigation,interview,observation and physical analysis,this paper makes an onthe-spot investigation on the quality of school education in the agricultural and pastoral areas from the aspects of teachers’ teaching,students’ learning and educational results,and finds that there are many difficulties in the quality of school education in the agricultural and pastoral areas. The profound reasons are as follows: the weak county finance leads to the lack of effective investment in school running funds,the "short quantity,low quality,unstable"of teachers leads to the difficulty in improving the teaching level,the "poor"teaching language conversion leads to the difficulty in breaking through the bottleneck of education quality,the single school value orientation restricts the overall quality of school education,and the "seasonal dropout"leads to the difficulty in assuring teaching effect. In order to promote the quality of school education in agricultural and pastoral areas under the background of high-quality and balanced development,we should strengthen the toplevel design,improve the guarantee mechanism of the quality of school education in agricultural and pastoral areas;pay attention to the "collaborative"development of teachers in agricultural and pastoral areas;promote the national lingua franca education in an all-round way;establish a local and flexible orientation,and infiltrate vocational education ideas into the curriculum;and according to the time,place and individual conditions,different routes are allowed.