教育民族志的本土实践及其意义:以西南地区为例

The Local Practice and Significance of Educational Ethnography:Taking Southwest China as an Example

教育民族志是民族志方法在教育研究领域的借鉴与创新。我国教育民族志的发展与学者们扎根民族文化土壤的教育实践紧密联系。西南地区民族文化的多样性和民族教育的复杂性为教育民族志的发展提供了本土实践的巨大空间,由此产生了一批立足本土经验的教育民族志文本。这些作品以西南地区的民族文化和教育发展为观照,在实践中形成了文化—功能导向、问题—规律导向、个体—意义导向三种类型,并在若干学术议题的探索中逐渐形成了自己的特色。西南教育民族志实践中凸显出的现实性主题、整体观视野、多元化方法为民族教育学创新理论、构建中国话语、形成中国研究范式提供了重要的资源,带来了诸多启示。中国教育民族志的发展需植根于扎实的田野,结合当代中国的现实话题,比如"铸牢中华民族共同体意识"教育,在国际学术对话中分享"中国文化""中国模式"和"中国经验"。

Educational ethnography is the reference and innovation of ethnography method in the field of educational research. The development of educational ethnography in China is closely related to the local educational practice,which is rooted from Chinese mufti-ethnic culture.The diversity of ethnic culture and the complexity of ethnic education in southwest China provide a wide space for local practice for the development of educational ethnography,resulting in a number of educational ethnographic texts based on local experience.Based on the development of ethnic culture and education in southwest China,these works have formed three types of cultural-functional orientation,problem-regulation orientation and individual-significance orientation in practice,and gradually formed their own characteristics in the exploration of some academic topics. The realistic theme, holistic point of view and diversified methods highlighted in the practice of education ethnography in southwest China provide important resources for the innovation of ethnic pedagogy theory,the construction of Chinese discourse and the formation of Chinese research paradigm. The development of China’s educational ethnography still require to be rooted in local fieldwork and China’s realistic topics,such as education of "building a strong sense of the Chinese national community",so as to share "Chinese culture","Chinese model"and"Chinese experience"in the international academic dialogue.