基于视频轨迹参数的边缘率减速标线驾驶行为效果评价方法

Evaluative judgment of the driving behaviors of the edge rate deceleration bars based on the video trajectory parameters

为探究边缘率减速标线对驾驶行为与交通安全的作用效果,提出了基于监控视频提取轨迹参数的实证评价方法。采用背景差法和透视变换方法对监控视频进行车辆目标提取和轨迹处理,进而提取车辆速度、加速度、车头时距、车头间距和车道偏移等行车参数;通过参数统计分析,边缘率减速标线对车速控制、跟车距离保持和车道保持都有不同程度的控制效果,但使纵向舒适性变差;为了综合评价其效果,基于层次分析法建立了边缘率标线的综合控制效果评价模型,从有效性、安全性和舒适性3个维度对减速标线进行综合评价。该方法和模型还可用于评价其他不同设计参数的减速标线。

The present paper is inclined to explore the effect of the edge rate deceleration bars on the driving behavior and traffic safety via an empirical evaluation method based on monitoring the video extraction trajectory parameters.To make the empirical evaluation more effectively,we have turned to the cameras installed device above the cross-river bridge to collect the monitoring video records.In addition,we have also performed the vehicle target extraction and the trajectory processing records in the form of monitoring video by using the background difference method and the perspective transformation method so as to extract the driving parameters,such as the vehicle speed,the lateral acceleration,the longitudinal acceleration,the time headway(THW),the distance headway(DHW),as well as the lane offsets more accurately.Afterwards,we have managed to make the statistical records of the parameters,so as to determine whether the difference of the parameters between the ordinary section and the bar section are significant or indispensible for the independent sample tests.Besides,to assess the effect comprehensively,we have established a comprehensive control effect assessment model of the edge rate bars based on the analytic hierarchy process,and succeeded in realizing the comprehensive assessment of the edge rate bars from the 3-D effectiveness,safety and comfort.And,so,the above analysis results show that the edge rate bars have different degrees of control effect on the vehicle speed control,time headway and lane separating distance.All of what has been done can have a significant effect on the reduction of the driving speed and in improving the driving safety by increasing the THW and decrease of the lane offset,though it may cause more deceleration operations to make the longitudinal comfort worse.In addition,the independent sampling tests show that there may not be more difference in the lateral acceleration and the DHW between the different groups.Thus,it can be found that the comprehensive assessment model established by the analytic hierarchy process proves that the deceleration effect indicators may take up the greatest weight,followed by the safety-related indicators,and the comfort-related indicators,say,the THW and DHW,which may have the least impacts.And,so,all in all,the method model has to be qualified enough to assess the deceleration bars of other different design parameters or other speed control facilities,so as to offer a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the deceleration markings.