化学氧自救器在使用中供氧温度的变化规律

On the changing regularity of the oxygen supply temperature in the application of the chemical oxygen self-rescuer

基于化学氧自救器在使用过程中呼吸气体温度较高的问题,运用气固相非催化反应宏观动力学和传热学等理论结合固定床反应器模型,建立了化学氧自救器供氧药罐供氧时的数学模型,选用我国目前运用较为广泛的ZH30D型隔绝式化学氧自救器作为对象进行供氧温度试验研究。通过试验得出劳动强度和环境温度均对ZH30D型化学氧呼吸器供氧装置防护性能影响显著。结果表明:在相同的环境温度下劳动强度的增加减少了自救器的有效防护时间,也会造成供氧温度上升速率过快,并最终导致在该环境温度下供氧温度达到最大值的时间缩短;在相同的劳动强度下环境温度越高,供氧温度的上升速率越快,同时缩短了供氧温度达到对应劳动强度下最高值的时间;在超氧化钾的质量足够支持反应的情况下,供氧温度与供氧时间、跑步速度和环境温度呈线性正相关;环境温度在30~38℃时,使用ZH30D型隔绝式化学氧自救器,当人体呼出的二氧化碳体积分数达到4.36%时,有效反应区域能够占据整个药剂层,此时供氧温度最大值约为87℃,该温度在试验条件下不受环境温度和劳动强度的影响。本研究期望为ZH型化学氧自救器的改进提供理论参考。

Based on the problem of high temperature of the respiratory gas in the use of chemical oxygen self-rescuer,the given paper has established a mathematical model for the oxygen supply from a medicine tank of a chemical oxygen rescue device in accordance with the theory of macro-kinetics of the gas-solid phase non-catalytic reaction and heat transfer in combination with the fixed bed reactor model.The said experiment has been conducted to trace and examine the oxygen supply temperature by using the ZH30 D isolated chemical oxygen self-rescuer which has widely been adopted at home in China for the time being.The above mentioned situation let us conclude that,both the labor intensity and the environment temperature may have a significant effect on the protective performance of ZH30 D chemical oxygen self-rescuer.For,the increase of the labor intensity at the same ambient temperature can help to reduce the effective protection time length of the self-rescue device,whereas the increase of the temperature can lead to quick increase of the oxygen supply temperature simultaneously,which may eventually result in a shorter time for the oxygen supply temperature to reach the maximum limit under the ambient temperature.And,even if the ambient temperature is under the same labor intensity,the faster the oxygen supply temperature rises,the shorter the time it may take for the oxygen supply temperature to reach the highest limit under the corresponding labor intensity.On the other hand,under the condition when the mass of potassium superoxide is sufficient to support the reaction,the oxygen supply temperature may also have a linear positive correlation with the oxygen supply time,running speed and the ambient high temperature.Moreover,when using the ZH30 D isolated chemical oxygen self-rescuer and the carbon dioxide concentration of the human body exhales reaches 4.36%,with the ambient temperature ranging from 30℃to 38℃,the effective reaction area can still promptly occupy the entire reagent layer so as to push the maximum oxygen supply temperature till about 87℃,which is not affected by the ambient temperature and the labor intensity under the experimental conditions.Thus,the effective reaction can be expected to provide for a reference in theory to the improvement of ZH chemical oxygen self-rescuer.