我国水产养殖业生产效率评估及其对渔业统计的启示

Evaluation of production efficiency of aquaculture in China and its enlightenment to fishery statistics

水产养殖业已经成为中国水产品产量的主要来源,提高全要素生产率对于提升我国水产养殖业发展效益具有重要作用。通过优化选择投入产出指标,引入综合苗种指标,对2019年31个省份水产养殖业生产效率进行了测算。结果显示,福建、江苏、湖北、广东、山东、江西和浙江7个省份的水产苗种生产实力较强,其中福建综合苗种指标的主成分得分最高,达到6.238。31个省份水产养殖综合效率均值为0.916,其中19个省份的水产养殖综合效率值大于全国平均值;技术效率均值为0.957,其中20个省份在水产养殖管理和技术投入方面有效;规模效率均值为0.956,11个省份水产养殖规模效率值小于全国平均值。最后,结合现行渔业统计指标特点,建议对水产养殖面积指标和水产苗种指标进行分类统计,以实现其与水产养殖产量指标之间的准确对应关系。

Aquaculture has become the main source of aquatic product output in China, and improving total factor productivity plays an important role in improving the development efficiency of aquaculture in China. The production efficiency of aquaculture in 31 provinces was measured by optimizing the selection of input and output indicators and introducing comprehensive seedling indicators based on statistical data in 2019. It was found that 7 provinces of Fujian, Jiangsu, Hubei, Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangxi and Zhejiang had strong aquatic seedling production capacity, among which Fujian had the highest principal component score of comprehensive seedling indicator, reaching 6.238. The average comprehensive efficiency of aquaculture in 31 provinces was 0.916, and the comprehensive efficiency of aquaculture in 19 provinces was greater than the national average. The average technical efficiency was 0.957, and 20 provinces were effective in aquaculture management and technical input. The average scale efficiency was 0.956, and the scale efficiency of aquaculture in 11 provinces was lower than the national average. Finally, based on the characteristics of current fishery statistical indicators, it is recommended to classify statistics on aquaculture area indicators and aquatic seedling indicators to establish an accurate correspondence with aquaculture production indicator.