凡纳滨对虾集约化养殖尾水处理系统运行效果验证与评价

Evaluating and Verifying the Effectiveness of Aquaculture Tailwater Treatment System for Intensive Farming Litopenaeus vannamei

为评价凡纳滨对虾集约化养殖尾水处理系统运行效果、优化养殖尾水沉淀时间和日处理能力、建立科学有效的尾水处理系统参数,对养殖尾水处理系统中各级处理环节的水质指标进行分析。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾养殖中期和后期排水口尾水未达到排放标准的指标为pH、悬浮物、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐;而COD、BOD、锌、铜、硫化物及总余氯的含量符合海水池塘养殖尾水排放标准。每日将500 t和1000 t凡纳滨对虾养殖尾水排入到本实验的尾水处理系统,采用沉淀20 h的方法,发现pH、TSS、NH_(4)-N、NO_(2)-N、NO_(3)-N、TN及PO_(4)-P等水质指标均有效降低,且都达到了海水养殖尾水排放标准要求。从净化效率方面分析:日处理500 t状态下,处理NH_(4)-N、NO_(2)-N和TN效果更好,NO_(3)-N和PO_(4)-P方面差异不显著。本研究结果对水产养殖尾水处理系统的实际运行、管理及效果评价方法具有重要的参考价值。

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of aquaculture tailwater treatment system,to optimize settling time and daily processing capacity,and to establish effective parameters for intensive farming Litopenaeus vannamei.Here,we analyzed the water quality indicators of all stages in the aquaculture tailwater treatment system.The results showed that these indicators in the middle and last stages were failure to meet emission standards,including pH,total suspended solids(TSS),NH_(4)-N,NO_(2)-N,NO_(3)-N,TN and PO_(4)-P;but COD,BOD and the content of zinc,copper,sulfide and total residual chlorine satisfied emission standards for marine pond culture.500 and 1000 of tailwater were discharged into the treatment system,by settling for 20 h,the above-mentioned substandard indicators of water quality have been effectively reduced,and all satisfied the requirements of marine aquaculture tailwater discharge standards.Treating for NH_(4)-N,NO_(2)-N and TN were more beneficial for daily 500 t than 1000 t.There was no significant difference for NO_(3)-N and PO_(4)-P.All the findings provide an important reference for the operation,management and evaluation of aquaculture tailwater treatment system.