2019年赛艇世界锦标赛男子双人双桨冠军赛前6周训练负荷研究

Study on SixWeeks of Training Load of Men’s Double Sculls Champion Prior to 2019 Rowing World Championships

目的:探究2019年赛艇世界锦标赛男子双人双桨冠军赛前6周的训练负荷特征。方法:运用实地跟踪法和实验法对国家赛艇队男子双人双桨运动员赛前6周的训练负荷进行跟踪记录,并定期对运动员进行生化测试,通过内外负荷监控,对运动员赛前训练负荷进行评定。结果:双人双桨运动员在赛前6周的训练中采用“1+1+2+2”模式,即1周恢复,1周积累,2周强化,2周减量。1)整个训练周期训练量为1021.0 km,平均170.2 km/周,其中恢复阶段训练量为109.0 km,积累阶段为230.5 km,强化阶段2周训练量分别为225.5 km和196.0 km,减量阶段2周训练量分别为134.0 km和126.0 km,较积累阶段最大训练量下降约41.9%~45.1%;为保持在同期训练中不破坏耐力训练效果,力量训练在赛前保持2~3次/周,赛前1周未安排力量训练。2)整个训练周期均以低强度有氧训练为主,其中低强度训练(U3、U2)在恢复、积累、强化、减量阶段分别为90.83%、86.55%、91.58%和93.25%,中等强度训练(U1、AT)分别为5.50%、13.23%、1.90%和1.54%,高强度训练(TPT、AN、ATP)分别为3.66%、0.22%、6.52%和5.21%。3)两位运动员的血尿素(BUN)和血清肌酸激酶(CK)值在赛前呈不同变化,赛前1周张亮分别为7.38 mmol/L和222 U/L,刘治宇分别为8.12 mmol/L和140 U/L;两人血红蛋白(HB)值在赛前训练周期不同阶段变化不大,张亮为155.0±6.1 g/L,刘治宇为164.0±7.3 g/L。结论:通过赛前6周训练负荷的合理安排及生理机能评定,两位运动员在世锦赛前获得良好生理刺激和竞技状态,为其创造优异运动成绩奠定了基础。

Objective:To explore the characteristics of six weeks training load of men’s double sculls champions prior to the 2019 Rowing World Championships.Methods:Physical and experimental methods were used to track and record the pre-competition training load of the men’s double sculls athletes of the national rowing team,and biochemical tests were conducted regularly.Results:The double sculls trained for 6 weeks before the World Championships and adopted the“1+1+2+2”mode,which was,1 week recovery,1 week accumulation,2 weeks enhancement and 2 weeks reduction.1)The entire training volume of pre-competition training cycle was 1021.0 km,with an average of 170.2 km per week.Among them,the weekly training volume of the recovery phase was 109.0 km;the weekly training volume of the accumulate phase was 203.5 km;the two-week training volume of the intensification phase was 225.5 km and 196.0 km,and the two-week training volume of the reduction phase was 134 km and 126 km respectively,which was about 41.9%~45.1%lower than the maximum training volume of the accumulate phase.In order to maintain the effect of endurance training during the same training phase,strength training should be conducted 2 to 3 times per week before the race,and strength training should not be arranged one week before the race.2)The whole training cycle was dominated by low-intensity aerobic exercises,among which low-intensity training(U3 and U2)was 90.83%,86.55%,91.58%and 93.25%,respectively,in the stages of recovery,accumulation,strengthening and reduction;moderate-intensity training(U1 and AT)was 5.50%,13.23%,1.90%and 1.54%,respectively,in the stages of recovery,accumulation,strengthening and reduction;high-intensity training(TPT,AN,ATP)was 3.66%,0.22%,6.52%and 5.21%in the stages of recovery,accumulation,strengthening,and reduction,respectively.3)The blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum creatine kinase(CK)values of the two athletes indicated different changes before the race.The BUN and CK value of ZHANG Liang was 7.38 mmol/L and 222 U/L,and for LIU Zhiyu,8.12 mmol/L and 140 U/L.However,the hemoglobin(HB)value of both athletes did not change much in different stages of the pre-race training cycle,with measured values of ZHANG Liang 155.0±6.1 g/L and LIU Zhiyu 164.0±7.3 g/L.Conclusions:Through 6 weeks of reasonable arrangement of training load and the evaluation of physiological functions before the competition,the two athletes endowed good physiological stimulation and competitive condition before the World Championships and built a solid foundation for their future performance.