美国公立社区学院州级治理的方式与特点

State-Level Governance of American Public Community Colleges:Institutions,Means and Characteristics

州级治理是推动美国公立社区学院转型发展的重要力量。从历史角度看,州层面对公立社区学院的影响力,既不是从来就有,也不是顺利达致的。美国公立社区学院州级治理有几种情况:由教育管理机构统筹治理,由高等教育管理机构统筹治理,由社区学院专职机构专题治理,由大学系统治理。立法、经费资助、绩效管理是美国公立社区学院州级治理的主要方式。集权、问责、引入非正式治理是美国公立社区学院州级治理的主要特点。

State-level governance is an important force in the transformation and development of American public community colleges.Historically,state-level influence on public community colleges has not always existed,nor has it been achieved smoothly.There are several situations in the state governance of public community colleges in the United States:governed by educational management institutions,by higher education management institutions,by the special institutions,and by university system.Legislation,funding and performance management are the main means of state governance in American public community colleges.Centralization,accountability and the introduction of informal governance are the main characteristics of state-level governance in American public community colleges.