我国高等海洋院校本科教学办学现状、问题和特色研究——基于7所海洋院校2017-2018年度本科教学质量报告的分析

On the Status Quo,Problems and Characteristics of Undergraduate Teaching in China’s Ocean Institutions of Higher Learning——An Analysis Based on The 2017-2018 Undergraduate Teaching Quality Reports of 7 Ocean Universities

中国大陆目前拥有7所办学层次为本科的以海洋命名的高等学校,肩负了我国从海洋大国向海洋强国跨越的海洋人才培养的重任。本文选取2017—2018年度本科教学质量报告进行文本分析,发现7所高校都坚持发展海洋特色、服务支撑区域经济发展,并取得了很好的成效,但也存在着生师比高、拥有博士学历的专任教师比例偏低、教学资源不均衡、实践教学环节薄弱、教师教学投入有待提高、专业学科需要优化调整等问题。面向“十四五”,高等海洋院校应锻长板、补短板,加强中华海洋精神培育、跨学科交叉融合、海洋实践教学和教师队伍建设。

Currently,the Chinese mainland has 7 institutions of higher learning in the name of ocean at the level of undergraduate teaching,which are shouldering the responsibility of educating marine talents when China is trying her best to transform from a major maritime country to a strong maritime power.The analysis based on The 2017-2018 Undergraduate Teaching Quality Reports of the 7 universities shows that all the 7 universities adhere to the development of ocean applications,serve and support regional economic development,and have achieved notable effect.But these universities have such problems as high student-faculty ratio,low proportion of full-time teachers with doctoral degree,unbalanced teaching resources,weak practical teaching links,teachers’inadequate teaching input and lack of the optimization and adjustment of professional disciplines,and so on.Faced with the 14th Five-Year Plan,ocean universities should forge the long board and reinforce the short board,strengthening the cultivation of Chinese seamanship,the interdisciplinary chiastopic fusion,the marine practical teaching and the construction of teaching staff.