大蒜播种机地轮及铺管覆膜机构改进设计与试验

Improved design and test of garlic planter’s ground wheel and pipe laying and film-covering mechanism

地轮作为确保大蒜播种单粒取种、鳞芽调向和直立下栽的关键机构,其滑移率大小直接影响大蒜播种机的播种性能,针对引进的原大蒜播种机在新疆大蒜种植区地轮滑移率过大,造成漏播的问题,对地轮进行理论分析,研究影响地轮性能的因素,重新设计地轮直径和宽度分别为600 mm和100 mm的直齿型地轮,并结合新疆大蒜种植区气候、土壤性能和农艺要求,在原大蒜播种机基础上,增设铺管覆膜机构,对改进后的铺管覆膜大蒜精量播种一体机的播种性能、地轮滑移率、铺管覆膜性能进行了试验,结果表明,该研究能改善原大蒜播种机在新疆种植区的播种性能,在铺管覆膜大蒜精量播种一体机作业速度为2 km/h时,其正芽率为91.4%,重复率为1.1%,空穴率为3.2%,滑移率为4.9%,同时铺管覆膜各项性能指标达到了相关技术指标要求。

The ground wheel is the key mechanism to ensure single-grain picking,scale buds adjustment,and vertical garlic planting.Its slip rate directly affects the seeding performance of the garlic planter.According to the introduction of the original garlic planter in the garlic planting area of Xinjiang,the wheel slip rate is too large,causing the problem of missed seeding.Based on the theoretical analysis of the ground wheel,the factors affecting the performance of the ground wheel are studied.The diameter and width of straight tooth ground wheel are 600 mm and 100 mm respectively.Combined with the climate,soil properties and agronomic requirements of garlic planting area in Xinjiang,a pipe laying and film covering mechanism is added on the basis of the original garlic planter The performance of pipe laying and film coating has been tested.The results show that the research can improve the seeding performance of the original garlic planter in the Xinjiang planting area.When the operation speed of the pipe laying and film covering garlic precision planter is 2 km/h,its normal bud rate is 91.4%,the repetition rate is 1.1%,the cavity rate is 3.2%,and the slip rate is 4.9%.At the same time,the performance indicators of the pipe laying and coating have reached the requirements of relevant technical indicators.