丘陵山地拖拉机前驱动桥壳组件轻量化设计与试验研究

Lightweight design and experimental study on front drive axle housing assembly of tractors in hilly areas

为适应丘陵山地道路条件差、田块小且分散等情况,本文进行丘陵山地拖拉机轻量化研究。以拖拉机前驱动桥壳组件为对象,首先利用该组件三维模型,进行有限元静力学分析,结果发现组件强度和刚度有较大的余量;其次以组件质量、变形量最小为优化目标进行轻量化设计,轻量化后组件质量减轻7.7%,变形量增加5.5%,轻量化后桥壳组件满足强度和刚度要求;然后对轻量化后的组件进行了评估,轻量化效果评估系数较小,表明组件轻量化设计效果较好;最后进行轻量化后桥壳垂直弯曲强度和垂直弯曲刚度试验,从0加载至3倍满载荷,驱动桥的变形为1.69 mm,垂直弯曲强度224.8 MPa,试验结果比轻量化设计结果略大。

In order to adapt to the poor mountain road conditions and to the small and scattered fields,research on the reduction of weight of the hilly mountain tractors was carried out in this paper.Taking the front drive axle housing component of the tractor as an object,this paper first use the three-dimensional model of the component to conduct a finite element static analysis.It was found that the component strength and stiffness have a large margin.Secondly,the lightweight design is carried out with the objective of minimizing the mass and deformation of components.The weight of the component was reduced by 7.7%,and the deformation increased by 5.5%.Lightweight rear axle housing components meet strength and stiffness requirements.Next,the weighted component was evaluated.The weighting effect evaluation coefficient was small,indicating that the lightweight effect of the component was good.Then the vertical bending strength and vertical bending stiffness tests of the lightweight component were carried out.Finally,the vertical flexural strength and the vertical flexural rigidity of the lightweight rear axle housing were tested.From 0 to 3 times full load,the deformation of the drive axle was 1.69 mm,and the vertical flexural strength was 224.8 MPa.The test results were slightly greater than the lightweight results.