我国棉花产业现状与机械化发展情况分析

Analysis of the status quo and mechanization development of cotton-producing industry in China

通过分析"十三五"期间我国棉花种植情况、生产效益、机械化发展等,指出我国棉花生产长期不赢利受制于新疆棉区机具购置成本高企、黄河流域棉区人工拾花成本高企等不同原因,提出不同棉区推广应用机采棉种植模式全程机械化生产的建议。新疆棉区应加大政策扶持力度,将农机具购置和使用成本降下来;黄河流域棉区应大力推广应用机采棉全程机械化生产模式;长江流域棉区应加强农艺技术研究和机具配套,提出切实可行机械化解决方案。

Through the analysis of China’s cotton planting situation,production benefits,and mechanization development during the"13 th Five-Year Plan"period,it was pointed out that the long-term unprofitability of cotton production in China was subject to different reasons such as the high cost of purchasing machinery and equipment in the Xinjiang cotton area and the high cost of manual flower picking in the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin.Suggestions on promoting and applying machine-picked cotton planting models in different cotton areas for full-process mechanized production were put forward.Xinjiang cotton areas should increase policy support to reduce the cost of purchasing and using agricultural machinery.Cotton areas in the Yellow River basin should vigorously promote the application of a mechanized cotton production model.Cotton areas in the Yangtze River basin should strengthen research on agronomic techniques and supporting equipment and proposed practical mechanized solutions.