简析治河史 探黄河现代治理之策

Current and Historical Management Policies of the Yellow River

黄河水患治理历来是安民兴邦的大事,几千年的治黄史可归结为下游治洪史。通过梳理历史时期治理黄河洪患的理念及实践,分析黄河水少沙多、水沙异源、水沙关系不协调的特点,指出黄河中游的泥沙是下游洪水灾害的策源地,总结提出"坚持林草植被为要的中游水土保持治河之本;强化下游河道疏浚,清理河床已淤老沙,保障下游河道冲淤平衡;保护金堤,后备流路畅通"的黄河现代治理之策。

The flood disaster adaptation of the Yellow River has always been a major issue for state administration and ensuring national security.The history of the Yellow River management can be regarded as the progresses of downstream flood control.This paper generally introduced the concepts and policies of the Yellow River management in history,and analyzed the characteristics of the Yellow River with extremely high spatial and temporal differences in water and sediment sources,and the incongruous process of water and sediment transport in distinct river sections.Flood events with high sediment load in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is the main source of the downstream floods.In view of the new situation of the dramatic changes in the Yellow River basin,we proposed several strategies for the Yellow River basin management.Firstly,enhance afforestation and grass plantation for soil and water conservation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River;secondly,strengthen dredging of the downstream river channels and clean up riverbed sedimentation to protect the downstream river channel without silting;and finally protect the embankment and leave the flood flow own pathway.