井灌区地下水位变化对灌溉成本水价的影响

Influence of Groundwater Level Change to the Water Price of Irrigation Cost in Well Irrigation Area

河南省是农业大省,地表水资源短缺,合理开采地下水对解决农业用水需求问题、控制地下水位下降、预防和改良盐碱地等具有重要作用。如今大量开采地下水已形成4.4万km~2的超采区,不仅影响了生态环境,也增加了农业的生产成本。以郑州市中牟县井灌区为例,分析不同地下水位条件下农业用水的成本水价,并与农户对水价的经济承受能力进行比较。结果表明:地下水位下降明显影响农业成本水价,现状地下水位埋深40 m,农业供水全成本水价为0.66元/m~3,农业用水平均成本水费为1 562.10元/hm~2;地下水位埋深达到60 m时,农业供水全成本水价增加0.112元/m~3,平均成本水费为1 826.70元/hm~2;地下水位埋深达到80 m时,农业供水全成本水价增加0.297元/m~3,平均成本水费为2 265.75元/hm~2,将超过农民的经济承受能力。据此对农业水价综合改革提出了建议。

Henan Province is a large agricultural province with a shortage of surface water resources.Rational exploitation of groundwater plays an important role in solving agricultural water demand,controlling and reducing groundwater level,and preventing and improving saline-alkali land.Nowadays,a large amount of groundwater has been drilled to form an over exploitation area of 44000 km2,which not only affects the ecological environment,but also increases the cost of agriculture.This paper took the well irrigation area of Zhongmu County,Zhengzhou City as an example,analyzed the cost and price of agricultural water under different groundwater levels and compared with the affordability of farmers to water price.The results show that the drop of groundwater level obviously affects the cost of agricultural water.The existing groundwater level is 40 m,the total cost of agricultural water supply is 0.66 Yuan/m3 and the average cost of agricultural water is 1562.10 Yuan/hm2.When the groundwater level drops to 60 m,the total cost of agricultural water supply will be increased by 0.112 Yuan/m3 and the average cost of agricultural water is 1826.70 Yuan/hm2.When it drops to 80 m,the total cost of agricultural water supply will be increased by 0.297 Yuan/m3 and the average cost of agricultural water is 2265.75 Yuan/hm2,which will exceed the minimum economic affordability of farmers.Based on this,suggestions are made for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices to provide a reference for the formulation of reasonable agricultural water prices.